Role for contrast-enhanced ultrasound in assessing complications after kidney transplant

Figure 5 Obstructive renal failure occurring 3 mo after the transplantation in a 62-year-old male patient. A: A preliminary X-ray nephrostogram showed hydronephrosis with a suspicious urinary leakage at the vesico-ureteral anastomosis (arrow); B: After a conservative management of a few days, the patient was revaluated with grayscale ultrasound, showing reduced hydronephrosis; C: Subsequent contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-nephrostogram allowed a panoramic representation of the non-dilated excretory system from the graft (arrowhead) to the bladder (arrow). Based on the resolution of dilation found on CEUS, nephrostomy was successfully removed.