Current and future applications of ultrasound imaging in peripheral nerve disorders

Figure 3 An overview of sonographic findings in inherited and acquired polyneuropathies: degree and distribution of nerve enlargement. Black: Axonal neuropathies, Grey: Demyelinating neuropathies. Cross-sectional area (CSA) shown in: A: Median nerve at the elbow in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, CSA 8 mm²; B: Median nerve at the elbow in a healthy control, CSA 16 mm²; C: Median nerve in the forearm in a patient with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, CSA 28 mm², with heterogeneously enlarged, hypoechoic fascicles; D: Median nerve in the forearm in a patient with Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 1A, CSA 50 mm², with more homogenously enlarged, hypoechoic fascicles. ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CMT1A: Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 1A; CMT: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; CIDP: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; GBS: Guillain-Barre syndrome; MAG: Myelin-associated glycoprotein; MMN: Multifocal motor neuropathy; CSA: Cross-sectional area.