Current status quo on COVID-19 including chest imaging

Table 2 Proposed standardized guidelines for reporting computed tomography findings related to coronavirus disease 2019[55]

COVID-19 pneumonia imaging classification	CT findings	Rationale
Typical appearance	Peripheral, bilateral, ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation or a “crazy-paving” pattern	CT imaging features most specifically associated with COVID-19
	Multifocal ground-glass opacities of rounded morphology with or without consolidation or visible intralobular lines (“crazy-paving” pattern)
	Reverse halo sign or other findings of organizing pneumonia
Indeterminate appearance	Absence of typical features + the presence of the following features: Multifocal, diffuse, perihilar, or unilateral ground-glass opacity with or without consolidation lacking a specific distribution and that are nonrounded or non-peripheral	Non-specific CT imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia
	Few small ground-glass opacities, with a nonrounded and non-peripheral distribution
Atypical appearance	Absence of typical or indeterminate features + the presence of the following features: Isolated lobar or segmental consolidation without ground-glass opacities; discrete small nodules (centrilobular, “tree-in-bud” appearance); lung cavitation; smooth interlobular septal thickening with pleural effusion	Rarely associated with or not reported features of COVID-19
Negative for pneumonia	No features of pneumonia on chest CT	No features of pneumonia

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; CT: Computed tomography.