Imaging plaque inflammation in asymptomatic cocaine addicted individuals with simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging

Table 1 Sample characteristics: Demographics, cardiovascular risk, and drug use

	Group 1: Cardiovascular risk[15] (n = 62)	Group 2: Healthy controls (n = 10)	Group 3: Cocaine users (n = 14)
Demographics
Race	62 white (94%); 4 other	5 black (50%); 4 white; 1 other	13 black (93%); 1 white
Gender	55 men (83%)	8 men (80%)	10 men (71%)
Agead	64.6 ± 7.8	46.2 ± 5.3	50.8 ± 4.1
Education	NA	15.0 ± 2.0	13.6 ± 1.8
Cardiovascular risk
BMI	NA	29.1 ± 5.0	28.3 ± 3.71
Heart rate	NA	74.9 ± 11.9	79.1 ± 10.9
Total cholesterol	NA	182.7 ± 28.22	163.3 ± 28.93
HDL cholesterol	NA	55.8 ± 16.14	42.3 ± 9.15
Drug use
Alcohol lifetime	NA	18.9 ± 13.4	20.8 ± 11.8
Cocaine lifetime	NA	NA	21.9 ± 7.9
Nicotine lifetimef	12% current	10.0% current; 20.0% past; 70.0% never; 3.5 ± 8.1	64.3% current; 28.6% past; 7.1% never; 26.4 ± 10.1
THC lifetimee	NA	0.5 ± 1.3	9.1 ± 10.5
Cocaine withdrawal[22]	NA	NA	18.6 ± 11.9
Cocaine craving[23]	NA	NA	14.7 ± 14.5
Severity of drug dependence[24]	NA	NA	3.2 ± 3.6

¹n = 13.

²n = 7.

³n = 4.

⁴n = 6.

⁵n = 3. Cardiovascular risk > cocaine users:

^aP < 0.001. Healthy controls < cocaine users:

^dP < 0.05,

^eP < 0.01,

^fP < 0.001. Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment Scale[22] (range: 0-126). Cocaine Craving Questionnaire[23] (range: 0-45). Severity of Dependence Scale[24] (range: 0-15). NA: Not available; BMI: Body Mass index; THC: Tetrahydrocannabinol.