Optimized cardiac magnetic resonance imaging inversion recovery sequence for metal artifact reduction and accurate myocardial scar assessment in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices

Figure 1 Phantom experiment. A: Anatomical image showing cross-section of a water-filled bottle doped with 0.15 mmol/kg of gadolinium (Gd) contrast material. An implantable cardiac defibrillator was placed one inch away from the imaged location; B: The same slice in (A) imaged using the conventional inversion recovery (IR) sequence targeted to null the signal of the doped water in the bottle. The image shows a hyperintensity artifact due to off-resonance signal (arrow); C: The same slice in (B) imaged using the wideband IR sequence, where the hyperintensity artifact was suppressed.