Interleukin-19 is cardioprotective in dominant negative cyclic adenosine monophosphate response-element binding protein-mediated heart failure in a sex-specific manner

Figure 8 Working model of interleukin-19 in sex-specific heart failure. Cardiac insult (inactivation of cyclic AMP response-element binding protein) results in maintained interleukin-19 (IL-19) expression in male mice, with maintained expression of IL-20 receptor subunits. Activation of downstream JAK-STAT signaling in male hearts is cardioprotective. However, cardiac insult in female mice results in attenuated IL-19 signaling, dysregulated expression of IL-20R subunits, and cardiac dysfunction. Ongoing investigations will delineate the downstream mediators implicated in IL-19 cardioprotection in a sex-specific manner.