Vascular complications of transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A concise literature review

Figure 3 Schematic depiction of caval-aortic access. A: Using transfemoral venous access, a catheter directs a guidewire from the inferior vena cava toward a snare positioned in the adjacent abdominal aorta; B: The catheter is advanced over the guidewire into the aorta and used to introduce a more rigid guidewire; C: The valve introducer sheath is advanced from the vena cava into the aorta; D: After completion of transcatheter aortic valve replacement, the aorto-caval access tract is closed with a nitinol occluder. Republished with permission of Elsevier from A.B Greenbaum, J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63: 2795-2804.