Combined assessment of myocardial damage and electrical disturbance in chronic heart failure

Table 1 Comparison of the clinical characteristics of patients with and without cardiac events

	All patients (n = 322)	Event-free (n = 205)	Cardiac event (n = 117)	P value
Age, yr	69 ± 13	67 ± 14	72 ± 11	0.0041
Female, n (%)	140 (43)	92 (45)	48 (41)	0.5024
NYHA functional class, II/III/IV	175/105/42	125/53/27	50/52/15	0.002
Etiology, n (%)				0.5273
Dilated cardiomyopathy	80 (25)	56 (27)	24 (21)
Hypertensive heart disease	14 (4)	10 (5)	4 (3)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	21 (7)	15 (7)	6 (5)
Ischemic heart disease	65 (20)	36 (18)	29 (25)
Valvular heart disease	80 (25)	52 (25)	28 (24)
Arrhythmia	24 (7)	14 (7)	10 (8)
Others	38 (12)	22 (11)	16 (14)
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	109 (34)	64 (31)	45 (38)	0.1866
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	117 (36)	71 (35)	44 (38)	0.5923
Dyslipidemia, n (%)	87 (26)	56 (26)	31 (27)	0.8732
Hypertension, n (%)	217 (67)	137 (67)	80 (68)	0.7758
Blood biomarkers
BNP, pg/mL (IQR)	397 (135-853)	314 (101-710)	625 (280-1147)	0.0326
H-FABP, ng/mL (IQR)	4.7 (3.3-7.6)	4.0 (2.9-6.3)	6.0 (4.2-10.0)	< 0.0001
eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2	65 ± 22	69 ± 23	58 ± 19	< 0.0001
Echocardiographic data
LV end-diastolic diameter, mm	55 ± 10	54 ± 9	55 ± 12	0.6018
LV ejection fraction, %	49 ± 18	50 ± 18	47 ± 18	0.1472
Electrocardiogram
Heart rate, beat/min	77 ± 22	78 ± 21	74 ± 19	0.0841
QRS duration, ms	107 ± 20	106 ± 18	109 ± 22	0.0989
QRS prolongation, n (%)	61 (19)	28 (17)	33 (28)	0.0014
Medications, n (%)
ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs, n (%)	213 (66)	138 (67)	75 (64)	0.5577
β-blockers, n (%)	170 (53)	106 (52)	64 (55)	0.6048
Ca channel blockers, n (%)	66 (21)	41 (21)	25 (20)	0.77
Diuretics, n (%)	202 (63)	111 (54)	91 (78)	< 0.0001
Statins, n (%)	83 (26)	54 (26)	29 (25)	0.759

Data are presented as mean ± SD or % unless otherwise indicated. ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; H-FABP: Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein; LV: Left ventricular; NYHA: New York Heart Association.