Blood conservation pediatric cardiac surgery in all ages and complexity levels

Table 3 Intraoperative variables in age categories for blood conservation and non-conservation cohorts

Operative variables	NC neonate n = 28 (12%)	BC neonate n = 23 (16%)	P	NC infant n = 69 (32%)	BC infant n = 52 (38%)	P	NC child n = 76 (35%)	BC child n = 29 (21%)	P	NC adolescent n = 45 (21%)	BC adolescent n = 34 (25%)	P
Average age (d)	10 ± 9	12 ± 10	0.08	187 ± 109	139 ± 86	0.001	1638 ± 806	1730 ± 1012	0.44	6280 ± 1977	6671 ± 3103	0.78
Weight (kg)	3 ± 0.7	3 ± 1	0.94	6 ± 2	6 ± 2	0.3	19 ± 9	20 ± 9	0.49	60 ± 20	57 ± 17	0.19
% Male	60%	52%	0.35	45%	35%	0.59	45%	52%	0.83	69%	47%	0.07
Bypass (min)	161 ± 74	136 ± 53	0.15	124 ± 66	85 ± 39	< 0.001	83 ± 48	71 ± 45	0.04	116 ± 63	106 ± 59	0.54
Cross clamp (min)	75 ± 47	75 ± 39	0.99	74 ± 45	45 ± 30	< 0.001	37 ± 38	30 ± 32	0.16	46 ± 53	57 ± 46	0.3
Pre-operative Hct (%)	32 ± 2	37 ± 5	0.11	30 ± 5	32 ± 7	0.19	31 ± 4	31 ± 5	0.63	32 ± 7	34 ± 4	0.26
Pre-bypass Hct (%)	36 ± 7	35 ± 6	0.19	30 ± 6	31 ± 7	0.89	33 ± 5	31 ± 5	0.1	34 ± 5	33 ± 3	0.54
On-bypass Hct (%)	25 ± 3	23 ± 3	0.07	25 ± 3	23 ± 3	0.09	24 ± 3	23 ± 3	0.1	25 ± 3	28 ± 3	< 0.001
Post-bypass Hct (%)	47 ± 4	34 ± 5	0.001	35 ± 5	34 ± 4	0.3	31 ± 5	32 ± 4	0.75	28 ± 3	34 ± 4	< 0.001
Operative RBC (mL/kg)	236 ± 220	97 ± 34	0.01	90 ± 58	49 ± 24	< 0.001	25 ± 26	11 ± 10	0.01	5 ± 13	0.4 ± 2	0.02
RBC exposure (unit)	2 ± 0.5	1.0 ± 0.2	< 0.001	1.6 ± 0.7	0.8 ± 0.3	< 0.001	1.2 ± 0.9	0.6 ± 0.6	0.002	0.9 ± 2	0.04 ± 0.2	0.02

BC: Blood conservation; NC: Non-conservation; RBC: Red blood cell; Hct: Hematocrit.