Risk of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary arteries and normal ejection fraction

Table 1 Patient characteristics

	All patients (n = 131)	MI (n = 34)	Myocarditis (n = 47)	“No LGE” (n = 50)	P
Age, yr	48.5 ± 16.1	52.4 ± 14.2	40.5 ± 13.51	53.4 ± 16.93	< 0.001
Risk factors, n (%)
Male gender	87 (66.4)	22 (64.7)	39 (83.0)	26 (52.0)23	0.005
Hypertension	39 (29.8)	13 (38.2)	8 (17.0)	18 (36.0)	0.06
Diabetes	11 (8.4)	4 (11.8)	2 (4.3)	5 (10.0)	0.42
Dyslipidemia	38 (29.0)	9 (26.5)	10 (21.3)	19 (38.0)	0.18
Current smoker	45 (34.4)	14 (41.4)	12 (25.5)	19 (38.0)	0.27
Family history of premature CHD	25 (19.1)	11 (34.2)	5 (10.6)	9 (18.0)	0.05
Time from symptom onset to admission, h	9 [2; 24]	3.5 [2; 13.5]	13 [4; 48]1	9.5 [2; 24]	0.01
Hospitalization duration, d	6 [4; 7]	5.5 [4; 7]	6 [5; 7]	5 [4; 7]	0.42
ECG monitoring duration, d	5 [4; 6]	5 [4; 6]	5 [4; 7]	4 [3; 6]	0.12
Primary ECG abnormality, n (%)	91 (69.5)	26 (76.5)	34 (72.3)	31 (62.0)	0.32
ST-segment elevation	46 (35.1)	9 (26.5)	22 (46.8)	15 (30.0)	0.10
ST-segment depression	8 (6.1)	2 (5.9)	4 (8.5)	2 (4.0)	0.65
T-wave inversion	31 (23.7)	11 (32.4)	8 (17.0)	12 (24.0)	0.27
Q wave	2 (1.5)	2 (5.9)	0	0	0.06
Atrioventricular block	1 (0.8)	0	0	1 (2.0)	0.28
Laboratory measurements
Peak troponin, μg/L	2.1 ± 5	3.6 ± 6.1	2.9 ± 6.3	0.5 ± 0.623	0.013
Leucocytes on admission, G/L	9.3 ± 3.6	9.3 ± 3.9	9.2 ± 3.5	9.2 ± 3.4	0.99
CRP on admission, mg/L	28.2 ± 41.1	8.8 ± 18.9	39.5 ± 38.41	31.0 ± 50.42	0.004
Coronary atheroma, n (%)	45 (34.6)	15 (45.5)	14 (29.8)	16 (32.0)	0.31
β-blocker use, n (%)
During hospitalization	91 (69.5)	27 (79.4)	31 (66.0)	33 (66.0)	0.34
At 1 yr	16 (12.2)	10 (29.4)	1 (2.1)	5 (10.0)	0.05
ACEI use, n (%)
During hospitalization	56 (43.1)	16 (48.5)	16 (34.0)	24 (48.0)	0.29
At 1 yr	17 (13.0)	10 (29.4)	1 (2.1)1	6 (12.0)	0.042

¹P significant between MI and myocarditis groups;

²P significant between MI and “no LGE” groups;

³P significant between myocarditis and “no LGE” groups. MI: Myocardial infarction; LGE: Late gadolinium enhancement; ACEI: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; CHD: Coronary heart disease; CRP: C-reactive protein.