Patient selection for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A combined clinical and multimodality imaging approach

Table 2 Magnetic resonance sequences used for pre transcatheter aortic valve implantation evaluation[96]

Three-plane localizer	To localize aortic valve plane
Axial SSFP non ECG gated without contrast	To identify potential ascending aorta and subclavian access sites
	To determinae size, calcification, and presence of aneurysmal dilatation of aorta
Breath held free breathing 2D ECG gated SSFP	To evaluate aortic annulus,aortic valve structure, and sinus higher
Coronal aorta, LVOT and aortic root	Planimetry valve orifice area
SSFP ECG gated images:short axis stak	To calculate ejection fraction, ventricular volumes and mass
Breath held free breathing phase contrast at aortic orifice	Calculate blood flow velocity, pressure gradient, and flow volume across the aortic valve
	Calculate Aortic regurgitant volume
3D Navigator assisted SSFP	Coronary ostia height
	Aortic diameter
T2 black blood	Useful in presence of susceptibility artifacts from sternal wires of prosthetic valves

LVOT: Left ventricular outflow tract; SSFP: Steady state free procession; ECG: Electrocardiogram.