Optimal timing of same-admission orthotopic heart transplantation after left ventricular assist device implantation

Table 3 Baseline demographics of all left ventricular assist device patients, left ventricular assist device patients from 1998-2005 (pulsatile-flow era), and left ventricular assist device patients from 2006-2011 (continuous-flow era)

	All LVADs (n = 2200)	1998-2005 (n = 589)	2006-2011 (n = 1611)	P-valuea
Mortality, n (%)	590 (26.5)	253 (43.0)	329 (20.4)	< 0.001
Same admission OHT, n (%)	164 (7.5)	102 (17.3)	62 (3.8)	< 0.001
Early same admission OHT, n (%)	41 (25.0)	22 (21.6)	19 (30.6)	0.373
Early same admission OHT mortality, n (%)	11 (26.8)	8 (36.4)	3 (15.8)	0.319
Length of stay after early OHT, mean ± SD	23.8 ± 21.4	30.9 ± 26.0	17.6 ± 14.3	0.054
Late same admission OHT, n (%)	123 (75.0)	80 (78.4)	43 (69.4)	0.849
Late same admission OHT mortality, n (%)	15 (12.2)	11 (13.8)	4 (9.3)	0.774
Length of stay after late OHT, mean ± SD	25.6 ± 26.9	26.1 ± 22.9	25.4 ± 29.0	0.883
Length of stay, mean ± SD	40.5 ± 38.9	44.7 ± 48.6	39.0 ± 34.6	0.008
Age, mean ± SD	53.4 ± 13.7	53.2 ± 13.4	55.4 ± 13.4	< 0.001
Sex, n (%)
Male	1659 (75.4)	433 (73.5)	1226 (76.1)	0.23
Female	541 (24.6)	156 (26.5)	385 (23.9)
Race, n (%)				< 0.001
White	1274 (57.9)	327 (55.5)	947 (58.8)
Black	352 (16.0)	62 (10.5)	290 (18.0)
Hispanic	142 (6.5)	28 (4.8)	114 (7.1)
Asian/Pacific Islander	51 (2.3)	13 (2.2)	38 (2.4)
Native American	5 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	4 (0.2)
Other or unknown	376 (17.1)	143 (24.3)	148 (9.2)
Median household income, n (%)				< 0.001
$1-24999	475 (21.6)	88 (14.9)	387 (24.0)
$25000-34999	491 (22.3)	126 (21.4)	365 (22.7)
$35000-44999	552 (25.1)	141 (23.9)	411 (25.5)
$45000 or more	631 (28.7)	214 (36.3)	417 (25.9)
Unknown	51 (2.3)	20 (3.4)	31 (2.4)
Comorbidities
Diabetes	391 (17.8)	91 (15.4)	300 (18.6)	0.097
Hyperlipidemia	310 (14.1)	61 (10.4)	249 (15.5)	0.003
Hypertension	309 (14.0)	88 (14.9)	221 (13.7)	0.508
History of smoking	131 (6.0)	29 (4.9)	102 (6.3)	0.257
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2	96 (4.4)	12 (2.0)	84 (5.2)	0.002
No. of comorbid diagnosis, mean ± SD	12.7 ± 2.9	10.6 ± 2.9	13.5 ± 2.5	< 0.001
Location of hospital, n (%)				0.73
Rural	17 (0.8)	5 (0.8)	12 (0.7)
Urban	2181 (99.1)	583 (99.0)	1598 (99.2)
Unknown	2 (0.1)	1 (0.2)	1 (0.1)
Size of hospital, n (%)				0.002
Small	38 (1.7)	20 (3.4)	18 (1.1)
Medium	229 (10.4)	67 (11.4)	162 (10.1)
Large	1931 (87.8)	501 (85.1)	1430 (88.8)
Unknown	2 (0.1)	1 (0.2)	1 (0.1)
Teaching status of hospital, n (%)				< 0.001
Nonteaching	165 (7.5)	75 (12.7)	90 (5.6)
Teaching	2033 (92.4)	513 (87.1)	1520 (94.4)
Unknown	2 (0.1)	1 (0.2)	1 (0.1)

^aPairwise t-test or χ² test for patients before 2006 and patients 2006 and afterwards. SD: Standard deviation; BMI: Body mass index; LVAD: Left ventricular assist device; OHT: Orthotopic heart transplant.