Clinical cardiac regenerative studies in children

Table 2 Published clinical studies with pediatric cell-based cardiac regeneration

Ref.	Study type	Diagnosis	No. of children	Mean age of children (m)	Sex	Type of stem cell	Cell application	FUP	Main results
Lacis et al[30]	Case report	Dil. CMP	1	3.5 mo	F	BM-MNC	IM	4 mo	LV EF from 20% to 41%
Rupp et al[31]	Case report	Dil. CMP	9	4 mo-16 yr	NA	BM-MNCs	IC	1-52 mo	3 patients HTX, 1 patient died, others improved
Ishigami et al[32] (TICAP study)	Controlled study	HLHS	7 treated and 7 controls	< 6 yr	NA	CDCs	IC	18 mo	Increase in RV EF from 46.9% to 52.1% in treated patients
Rupp et al[33]	Case report	HLHS	1	11 mo	M	BMC	IC	14 mo	RV EF from 22% to 44%
Rupp et al[34]	Case report	Dil. CMP	1	2 year	M	BMC	IC	6 mo	EF from 24% to 45%,
									BNP and NYHA decreased
De Lezo et al[35]	Case Report	Post-AMI	1	7 mo	NA	BM-MNCs	IC	14 mo	LV EF from 20% to 43%
Olguntürk et al[36]	Case report	Dil. CMP	2	6 and 9 yr	M, F	PBSC after GCSF treatment	IC	8 wk, and 6 mo	1st patient LV EF from: 16% to 39%; 2nd patient LV EF from 34% to 54%
Limsuwan et al[37]	Case report	HF post-AMI	1	9 yr	F	BMC after GCSF treatment	IC	3 mo	LV EF form 30% to 47%
Zeinaloo et al[38]	Case report	Dil. CMP	1	11 yr	M	BM-MSC	IC	1 yr	LV EF from 20% to 42%
Rivas et al[39]	Case report	Dil. CMP	2	3 and 4 mo	M	PBSC after G-CSF treatment	IC	4 mo	EF from < 30% to > 40%
Bergmane et al[40]	Case report	Dil. CMP	7	4 mo-17 yr	NA	BMC	IM	1 yr	6 patients controlled, LV EF from 33.5% to 54%
Burkhart et al[41]	Case report	HLHS	1	3 m	NA	Umbilical cord blood derived cells	IM	3 mo	EF increased to 45%

BMC: Bone marrow cells; CDC: Cardiosphere-derived cells; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; HTX: Heart transplantation; NYHA: New York Heart Association Classification; GCSF: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; CMP: Cardiomyopathy; LV: Left ventricle; EF: Ejection fraction; BM-MNC: Bone marrow mononuclear cell; PBSC: Peripheral blood stem cell; RV: Right ventricle; IC: Intracoronary; IM: Intramyocardial; FUP: Follow-up; NA: Data not available; HLHS: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome; F: Female; M: Male.