Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging assessment of outcomes in acute myocardial infarction

Table 10 Cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies illustrating the prognostic importance of late microvascular obstruction in acute myocardial infarction

Ref.	Year	n	LGE method	Main findings	Time of prognostic CMR post STEMI	Follow-up
Regenfus et al[117]	2015	249	Manual	L-MVO extent strongest IP for MACE in model including IS, LVEF, TIMI pre and post PPCI and no. diseased vessels	3.7 d	72 mo
Eitel et al[119]	2014	738	> 5SD	Largest multicentre study of L-MVO in PPCI. L-MVO > 1.4% LVM and TIMI risk score only IPs of combined MACE. Adding L-MVO to model with clinical predictors, LVEF and IS increased c-statistic	7 d	6 mo
de Waha et al[120]	2012	438	Manual	L-MVO extent IP for combined MACE in model including IS, LV volumes (only other IP was LVEF). L-MVO/IS strongest IP in model including L-MVO extent, LVEF, IS, LV volumes	3 d	19 mo
de Waha et al[36]	2010	438	Manual	Presence and extent of L-MVO were strongest IPs for MACE and mortality in models with IS, LVEF, ST-res, TIMI-flow post PCI. E-MVO was not an IP	3 d	19 mo
Cochet et al[37]	2009	184	Manual	L-MVO strongest IP for MACE, in models including GRACE score, IS, LVEF. L-MVO stronger IP than E-MVO (OR 8.7 vs 2.5)	“3-7 d”	12 mo
Bruder et al[116]	2008	143	Manual	Only extent of L-MVO > 0.5% LV mass was IP for MACE; model included IS, LVEF, age, DM, sex	4.5 d	12 mo
Hombach et al[6]	2005	110	Manual	L-MVO IP for MACE (P = 0.04) in model including LV end-diastolic volume and LVEF	6 d	268 d

MVO: Microvascular obstruction; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; IS: Infarct size; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events; IP: Independent predictor.