Intra-cardiac distribution of late gadolinium enhancement in cardiac sarcoidosis and dilated cardiomyopathy

Table 1 Clinical cardiac findings in Diagnostic Standard and Guideline for Sarcoidosis-2015-Japanese Society of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders

(1) More than two of five major findings are satisfied

(2) One of five major findings and more than two of three minor findings are satisfied

Major findings

Advanced atrioventricular block (including complete atrioventricular block) or sustained ventricular tachycardia

Basal thinning of the interventricular septum or morphological ventricular abnormality (ventricular aneurysm, wall thinning of other ventricular region, wall thickening)

Impaired left ventricular contraction (LVEF < 50%) or regionally abnormal wall motion

Abnormal cardiac uptake in gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy or fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET

Late myocardial enhancement in gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Minor findings

Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, multifocal or frequent premature ventricular contractions, bundle branch block, axis deviation, or abnormal Q wave in electrocardiography

Defect on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy

Endomyocardial biopsy: Interstitial fibrosis or monocyte infiltration over moderate grade

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; PET: Positron emission tomography.