Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: From methodology to major clinical applications

Table 5 Diagnostic role of transcranial Doppler and its accuracy

Ref.	No. of patients	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	Accuracy (%)	Cut-off for RLS
Serena et al[48], 1998	55	100	100	100	≥ 1 MES1
Lange et al[49], 2010	26	31	100	65.5	≥ 9 MES
González-Alujas et al[52], 2011	93	97	98	97.5	≥ 1 MES
Mojadidi et al[51], 2014	1968	97	93	95	Meta-analysis2

¹In this study c-TCD performs better than c-TEE;

²This study is a large meta-analysis comprising 27 studies. TCD: Transcranial Doppler; c-TCD: Contrast enhanced TCD; TEE: Transesophageal echocardiography; RLS: Right-to-left shunting; MES: Microembolic signals.