Outcomes and long-term survival of coronary artery surgery: The controversial role of opium as risk marker

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients base on opium consumption

	All patients (n = 566)	Opium + (n = 82)	Opium - (n = 484)	P value
Age (yr)	59.08 ± 8.9	55.9 ± 8.3	59.6 ± 8.9	< 0.001
Gender (male)	425 (75.1)	80 (97.6)	345 (71.3)	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	27.3 ± 4.08	25.7 ± 3.6	27.6 ± 4.08	< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	101.3 ± 11.3	100.3 ± 9.3	101.5 ± 11.6	0.514
FC				0.531
I	198 (35)	33 (40.2)	165 (34.2)
II	283 (50)	39 (47.6)	244 (50.6)
III	83 (14.7)	10 (12.2)	73 (15.1)
EF (%)	48.5 ± 10.3	44.9 ± 9.4	49.1 ± 10.3	0.001
FH	269 (47.5)	44 (53.7)	225 (46.7)	0.242
Smoking	203 (35.9)	67 (81.7)	136 (28.2)	< 0.001
Alcohol	71 (12.5)	29 (37.7)	42 (9.2)	< 0.001
DM	232 (41)	26 (31.7)	206 (42.7)	0.061
HLP	398 (70.3)	48 (58.5)	350 (72.6)	0.010
HTN	279 (49.3)	30 (36.6)	249 (51.7)	0.012
CVA	22 (3.9)	4 (4.9)	18 (3.7)	0.545
PVD	158 (27.9)	21 (25.6)	137 (28.4)	0.600
MI	286 (50.5)	58 (71.6)	228 (47.5)	< 0.001
Alb (g/dL)	4.6 ± 0.3	4.5 ± 0.3	4.6 ± 0.3	0.200
FBS	96 (87-118)	92 (81-106)	97 (88-119)	0.011
BUN	38 (31-46)	35 (27-42)	39 (32-47)	0.004
Cr	1.2 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.2	0.024
Mg	1.9 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 0.3	1.9 ± 0.3	0.314
HCT	42.3 ± 5.7	42.2 ± 3.6	42.4 ± 6.04	0.848
TG	159 (113-205)	150 (107-194)	162 (113-208)	0.353
Chol	157 (129-186)	156 (124-177)	157 (129-188)	0.167
LP	23 (12-46)	24 (9-44)	23 (13-47)	0.432
CRP	5.8 (4.9-7.2)	5.8 (4.8-7.1)	5.8 (4.9-7.2)	0.617
LDL	83 (60-106)	85 (60.7-100.5)	82.5 (60-110)	0.517
HDL	40.5 ± 8.6	39.4 ± 8.5	40.7 ± 8.6	0.205
No. of diseased vessel				0.733
1	21 (307)	2 (2.4)	19 (3.9)
2	106 (18.7)	17 (20.7)	89 (18.5)
3	437 (77.2)	63 (76.8)	374 (77.6)
No. of grafts	4 (3-4)	4 (3-5)	4 (3-4)	0.400
Euro score				0.199
Low (0-2)	321 (56.7)	45 (54.9)	276 (57.3)
Moderate (3-5)	196 (34.6)	26 (31.7)	170 (35.5)
High (6-8)	38 (6.7)	10 (12.2)	28 (5.8)
Very high (≥ 9)	9 (1.6)	1 (1.2)	8 (1.7)

Data are shown as mean ± SD, median (25^th-75^th percentiles) or number (%). BMI: Body mass index; FC: Functional class; EF: Ejection fraction; FH: Family history; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HLP: Hyperlipidemia; HTN: Hypertension; CVA: Cerebrovascular accident; PVD: Peripheral vascular disease; MI: Myocardial infarction; Alb: Albumin; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cr: Creatinine; Mg: Magnesium; HCT: Hematocrit; TG: Triglyceride; Chol: Cholesterol; LP: Lipoprotein; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: High density lipoprotein.