Clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic heart failure

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate predictors of all-cause mortality

	Univariate		Multivariate full		Multivariate reduced
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Atrial fibrillation	1.48 (1.14-1.92)	0.0028	0.98 (0.73-1.32)	0.8896
Age (1 yr)	1.05 (1.04-1.06)	< 0.0001	1.04 (1.03-1.05)	< 0.0001	1.04 (1.03-1.05)	< 0.0001
Male gender	2.4 (1.85-3.07)	< 0.0001	1.45 (1.11-1.90)	0.0068	1.48 (1.13-1.93)	0.0045
SBP (10 mmHg)	0.93 (0.88-0.99)	0.0228	0.92 (0.86-0.98)	0.0084	0.91 (0.86-0.97)	0.0057
NYHA II-III	1.70 (1.35-2.10)	< 0.0001	1.3 (1.03-1.65)	0.0265	1.32 (1.05-1.66)	0.0195
Without CAD	0.53 (0.4-0.71)	< 0.0001	0.61 (0.44-0.84)	0.0023	0.58 (0.43-0.80)	0.0008
Any device	1.57 (1.23-2.00)	0.0002	1.65 (1.19-2.29)	0.0028	1.57 (1.23-2.02)	0.0004
Dyslipidaemia	0.68 (0.53-0.87)	0.002	0.8 (0.60-1.06)	0.1151
Diabetes mellitus	1.72 (1.36-2.17)	< 0.0001	1.63 (1.27-2.08)	0.0001	1.59 (1.25-2.04)	0.0002
Cancer history	1.89 (1.37-2.60)	< 0.0001	1.82 (1.31-2.54)	0.0004	1.84 (1.33-2.56)	0.0003
COPD	1.84 (1.4-2.4)	< 0.0001	1.33 (0.98-1.80)	0.0707	1.38 (1.02-1.86)	0.0359
Anaemia	2.22 (1.57-3.13)	< 0.0001	1.82 (1.23-2.69)	0.0027	1.95 (1.37-2.79)	0.0002
CKD (eGFR < 60)	2.81 (1.85-4.25)	< 0.0001	1.42 (0.87-2.29)	0.1577
Preserved LVEF (> 45%)	0.74 (0.56-0.98)	0.034	0.91 (0.68-1.22)	0.5369
PM stimulation	1.56 (1.14-2.14)	0.006	0.91 (0.59-1.40)	0.6561
Beta-blockers	0.67 (0.53-0.85)	0.001	0.83 (0.64-1.09)	0.1903
ACEi/ARB	0.69 (0.53-0.88)	0.003	0.77 (0.59-1.01)	0.0634	0.73 (0.56-0.94)	0.0169
Aldosterone blockers	1.57 (1.26-1.95)	< 0.0001	1.11 (0.86-1.43)	0.429
Diuretics	2.5 (1.87-3.31)	< 0.0001	1.51 (1.09-2.10)	0.0134	1.58 (1.17-2.15)	0.0031
Digoxin	1.6 (1.25-2.05)	0.0002	1.29 (0.97-1.73)	0.0807	1.31 (1.00-1.72)	0.0482
Statin	0.8 (0.64-1.00)	0.051	0.8 (0.60-1.05)	0.1108	0.71 (0.55-0.90)	0.0057

Any device included any pacemaker or internal-cardioverter defibrillator. SBP: Systolic blood pressure; NYHA: New York Heart Association; CAD: Coronary artery disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI formula; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; PM: Pacemaker; ACEi: ACE inhibitors; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker.