Lean heart: Role of leptin in cardiac hypertrophy and metabolism

Figure 4 Leptin and cardiac lipotoxicity. Triangular and flat arrowheads represent stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the designed targets, respectively. Heavier lines represent proposed actions of leptin. ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; CPT-1: Carnitine palmityl transferase-1; ER: Endoplasmatic reticulum; FA: Fatty acids; FAT/CD36: Fatty acid translocase/cluster of differentiation 36; FATP1: Fatty acid transport protein 1; NO: Nitric oxide; P-JAK2: Phosphorylated Janus kinase 2; PPARα: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TG: Triglycerides; UCP: Uncoupling protein.