Adipose tissue-derived stem cells as a therapeutic tool for cardiovascular disease

Table 2 Differentiation potential of adipose tissue-derived stem cells in vivo

Cell type	Animal model	Expression of VEC markers	Expression of VSMC markers	Expression of cardiomyocyte markers	Functional recovery	Ref.
Human cADSCs	Murine hindlimb ischemia	CD31	NE	NE	Yes	Planat-Benard et al[31]
Porcine cADSCs	Porcine AMI	vWF	SMA	NE	Yes	Valina et al[37]
Human cADSCs	Bladders and urethras of athymic rats and SCID mice	NE	SMA	NE	NE	Jack et al[38]
Murine fADSCs	Murine AMI	NE	NE	Myosin heavy chain, Nkx2.5, troponin I	Yes	Strem et al[39]
Murine fADSCs	Rat AMI	NE	NE	Sarcomeric actin, GATA-4	Yes	Yamada et al[40]
Conditioned medium from human cADSCs	Murine hindlimb ischemia	NE	NE	NE	Yes	Bhang et al[48]

NE: Not examined; VSMC: Vascular smooth muscle cell; ADSCs: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells; vWF: von Willebrand factor; VEC: Vascular endothelial cell; SMA: Smooth muscle actin; AMI: Acute myocardial infarction.