Reduction of radiation exposure in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Lesson learned

Table 1 Techniques and technologies for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the four patient cohorts considered in our center

	1st cohort	2nd cohort	3rd cohort	4th cohort
No. of patients	30	30	30	30
Procedure technique	Double TSP-C Circular mapping catheter Imaging integration (CT scan)	Unchanged	Unchanged	Unchanged
NF technology	2nd generation NF 3-DS (CARTO XP)	3rd generation NF 3-DS (CARTO3)	Unchanged	CARTO3 + contact force sensing
Technology feature for NF use	NF visualization of the mapping/ablation catheter	NF visualization of all inserted catheter	Unchanged	Monitoring of the electrode/tissue contact added
NF 3-DS optimization	Yes	No	Yes (Table 2)	Yes (Table 2)
Timing	Last 30 cases with CARTO XP	First 30 cases with CARTO3	After 12 mo	After 12 mo

3-DS: Three dimensional system; CT: Computed tomography; NF: Non-fluoroscopic; TSP-C: Transseptal catheterization.