Utility of electrophysiological studies to predict arrhythmic events

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	All study participants n = 265	Participants without primary endpoint event1n = 216	Participants with primary endpoint event1n = 49	P value2
Age, mean ± SD, yr	57.4 ± 10.7	57.5 ± 10.6	57.2 ± 11.3	0.848
Male sex	230 (86.8%)	185 (85.6%)	45 (91.8%)	0.350
Cardiovascular risk factors
Hypertension	152 (57.4%)	124 (57.4%)	28 (57.1%)	0.973
Dyslipidemia	161 (60.8%)	131 (60.6%)	30 (61.2%)	0.941
Diabetes mellitus	60 (22.6%)	49 (22.7%)	11 (22.4%)	0.972
Smoking3	154 (58.1%)	121 (56.0%)	33 (67.3%)	0.147
Family history of CAD	81 (30.6%)	65 (30.1%)	16 (32.7%)	0.725
Cardiac disease
CAD	152 (57.4%)	120 (55.6%)	32 (65.3%)	0.213
DCM	58 (21.9%)	45 (20.8%)	13 (26.5%)	0.384
HCMObstructiveNon-obstructive	1 (0.4%)3 (1.1%)	1 (0.5%)2 (0.9%)	0 (0.0%)1 (2.0%)	1.0000.460
Brugada syndrome	2 (0.8%)	2 (0.9%)	0 (0.0%)	1.000
Long QT	3 (1.1%)	3 (1.4%)	0 (0.0%)	1.000
Other cardiac disease	30 (11.3%)	26 (12.0%)	4 (8.2%)	0.618
Echocardiography
LVEF, mean ± SD	41.1% ± 15.9%	42.8% ± 16.2%	33.6% ± 11.7%	< 0.001
LVEF < 35%	106 (40.0%)	79 (36.6%)	27 (55.1%)	0.017
EPS
Induction of sustained VT	125 (47.2%)	91 (42.1%)	34 (69.4%)	0.001
Induction of non-sustained VT	60 (22.6%)	53 (24.5%)	7 (14.3%)	0.122
No VT induction	80 (30.2%)	72 (33.3%)	8 (16.3%)	0.019

¹Event of primary endpoint (sudden cardiac death, ICD shock or ATP);

²P value for the comparison of participants without vs with endpoint event;

³Current or former smoker. CAD: Coronary artery disease; DCM: Dilated cardiomyopathy; EPS: Electrophysiological study; HCM: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; SD: Standard deviation; VT: Ventricular tachycardia.