Short and long term outcomes of 200 patients supported by continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices

Table 1 Patient demographics and comorbidities

Variable	Total (n = 200)	BTT (n = 98)	DT (n = 102)	P value
Age (yr)	54.3 ± 12.5	50.1 ± 12.8	58.4 ± 10.7	0.001
Gender
Female	24% (48/200)	25.5% (25/98)	22.8% (23/102)
Male	76% (151/200)	74.5% (73/98)	76.5% (78/102)	0.652
Race
AA	46% (92/200)	39.8% (39/98)	52% (53/102)	0.375
Caucasian	54% (108/200)	54.1% (53/98)	42.4% (47/102)
Etiology of heart failure
ICM	52% (104/200)	29% (28/98)	74.5% (76/102)	0.001
NIDCM	48% (96/200)	51% (50/98)	45.1% (46/102)
BSA	1.97 ± 0.27	1.96 ± 0.27	1.98 ± 0.28	0.667
BMI	28.3 ± 5.5	28.1 ± 4.3	28.5 ± 6.5	0.763
Albumin (g/dL)	4.14 ± 10.03	3.19 ± 0.51	5.06 ± 14.05	0.015
DM	46% (92/200)	38.8% (38/98)	52.9% (54/102)	0.038
HTN	83% (166/200)	79.6% (78/98)	86.2% (88/102)	0.153
CRI	40% (81/200)	29.6% (29/98)	51% (52/102)	0.002
Dialysis	2.5% (5/200)	3.1% (3/98)	1.8% (2/102)	0.680
COPD	15.5% (31/200)	15.3% (15/98)	15.7% (16/102)	0.917
PVD	12% (23/200)	7.1% (7/98)	15.7% (16/102)	0.055
Vented	12% (25/200)	9.2% (9/98)	15.7% (16/102)	0.134
Previous cardiac surgery	32% (63/200)	20.4% (20/98)	42% (43/102)	0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.42 ± 0.62	1.43 ± 0.58	1.42 ± 0.65	0.869
AST (U/L)	48.3 ± 82.8	58.0 ± 106.8	38.9 ± 45.7	0.212
ALT (U/L)	46.5 ± 78.5	59.8 ± 99.4	33.5 ± 47.3	0.002
CPB time (min)	113.5 ± 46.1	109.5 ± 46.0	117.8 ± 46.1	0.178
XCL time (min)	71 ± 30.6	85.2 ± 33.7	51.7 ± 26.0	0.054
MCS at time of VAD	18% (36/200)	24% (23/98)	13% (13/102)	0.051
On inotropes at time of VAD	75%(150/200)	81% (80/98)	69% (70/102)	0.036
Pre VAD CVP (mmHg)	11.8 ± 6.4	11.6 ± 6.4	12.0 ± 6.4	0.653
Pre VAD PAPs (mmHg)	51.4 ± 14.2	50.5 ± 14.5	52.3 ± 13.8	0.412
Pre VAD PAPd (mmHg)	24.5 ± 9.2	24.4 ± 9.8	24.7 ± 8.5	0.682
Pre Vad CI (L/min per square metre)	1.85 ± 0.51	1.87 ± 0.54	1.83 ± 0.47	0.961
Pre VAD PCWP (mmHg)	23.0 ± 9.6	22.7 ± 9.8	23.4 ± 9.4	0.463
Blood transfusions	23% (46/200)	18% (18/98)	27% (28/102)	0.250
Concomitant cardiac procedure	19% (39/200)	23% (23/98)	15% (16/102)	0.137

BTT: Bridge to transplant; DT: Destination therapy; ICM: Ischemic cardiomyopathy; NIDCM: Non ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy; BSA: Body surface area; BMI: Body mass index; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HTN: Hypertension; CRI: Chronic renal insufficiency; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PVD: Peripheral vascular disease; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; CPB: Cardiopulmonary bypass; XCl: Cross clamp; MCS: Mechanical circulatory support; VAD: Ventricular assist device; CVP: Central venous pressure; PAP: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PAPd: Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure; CI: Cardiac index; PCWP: Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.