Therapeutic modification of arterial stiffness: An update and comprehensive review

doi:10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.742

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Nov 26, 2015 (publication date) through Nov 7, 2024

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Review

World J Cardiol. Nov 26, 2015; 7(11): 742-753
Published online Nov 26, 2015. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.742

Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors associated with arterial stiffness

Age[7]

Sex[110]

Established cardiovascular disease[3]

Potential risk factors for atherosclerosis

Hypertension[11]

Dyslipidemia[2]

Cigarette smoking[63]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[111]

Diabetes[14]

Obesity[3]

Obstructive sleep apnea[106]

Menopause[110]

Polycystic ovarian syndrome[112]

Hypothyroidism[113]

Chronic kidney disease[23]

Endothelial dysfunction[27]

Systemic inflammation[99]

Cytomegalovirus infection[114]

Nutritional and lifestyle aspects

Caffeine[115]

Chronic alcohol consumption[116]

Sedentary lifestyle[58]

Resistance exercise training[61]

Genes variants

Genes of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system[33]

Genes of the extracellular matrix proteins[33]

Citation: Wu CF, Liu PY, Wu TJ, Hung Y, Yang SP, Lin GM. Therapeutic modification of arterial stiffness: An update and comprehensive review. World J Cardiol 2015; 7(11): 742-753
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v7/i11/742.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.742