Non-invasive evaluation of arrhythmic risk in dilated cardiomyopathy: From imaging to electrocardiographic measures

Figure 2 The main parameters proposed in order to better characterize arrhythmic risk are shown. These parameters can reflect arrhythmic substrate by functional (left ventricular systolic function) or anatomical (myocardial fibrosis) information. The parameters assessing sympathetic nervous system activity are also reported, as well as those reflecting the dispersion of ventricular refractoriness, i.e., those based on the analysis of ventricular repolarization. HRV: Heart rate variability; HRT: Heart rate turbulence; LGE: Late gadolinium enhancement; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MIBG: Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine; MTWA: Microvolt T-wave alternans.