Novel adjunctive treatments of myocardial infarction

Table 1 Clinical studies using pharmacological adjunctive therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction

	Intervention	n	Outcome
Adenosine
Mahaffey et al[59], 1999 (AMISTAD)	Infusion of adenosine for 3 h as adjunct to thrombolysis	236	Reduction in infarct size
Kloner et al[60], 2006 (AMISTAD II)	Infusion of adenosine for 3 h	2118	No difference in death or heart failure
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Kitakaze et al[61], 2007 (J-WIND)	Infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide for 3 d	569	Reduction in creatine kinase, increase in LVEF
Atorvastatin
Kim et al[62], 2010 (STATIN-STEMI)	Oral atorvastatin 80 mg before primary PCI	171	No difference in death, revascularization or infarct size
Hahn et al[63], 2011	Oral atorvastatin 80 mg before primary PCI	173	No difference in infarct size
Cyclosporine A
Piot et al[64], 2008	Infusion of cyclosporine before primary PCI	58	Reduction in infarct size
Ghaffari et al[65], 2013	Infusion of cyclosporine as adjunct to thrombolysis	101	No difference in infarct size, death, heart failure or LVEF
Erythropoietin
Voors et al[66], 2010	Single dose erythropoietin	529	No difference in LVEF or infarct size
Exenatide
Lønborg et al[67], 2012	Infusion of exenatide for 6 h	105	Reduction in infarct size
Bernink et al[68], 2012 (EXAMI)	Loading dose of exenatide before PCI followed by infusion for 72 h	39	No difference in left ventricular function or infarct size
Woo et al[69], 2013	Subcutaneously and intravenous exenatide before primary PCI followed by twice daily subcutaneous injection for 2 d	58	Reduction in infarct size and improvement of LVEF
Glucose-insulin-potassium
Mehta et al[70], 2005 (CREATE-ECLA)	Infusion of glucose-insulin-potassium for 24 h	20201	No difference in mortality
Selker et al[71], 2012 (IMMEDIATE)	Out-of-hospital infusion of GIK	357	Reduced mortality among patients with cardiac arrest
δ-protein kinase C inhibitor
Bates et al[72], 2008	2 doses of KAI-9803	154	No difference in infarct size
Lincoff et al 2012 (PROTECTION-AMI)	Infusion of delcasertib for 24 h	1083	No difference in infarct size
P-selectin antagonist
Mertens et al[73], 2006 (PSALM)	Infusion of recombinant P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-immunoglobulin as adjunct to thrombolysis	88	No difference in ST-segment resolution or LVEF
Tardif et al[74], 2013 (SELECT-ACS)	Infusion of inclacumab before PCI in NSTEMI patients	322	Reduction in troponin I and creatine kinase
Metoprolol
Ibanez et al[75], 2013 (METOCARD-CNIC)	Infusion of metoprolol before primary PCI	220	Reduction in infarcts size and improvement of LVEF

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; CK: Creatine kinase; NSTEMI: Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction.