Coronary-cameral fistulas in adults (first of two parts)

Table 2 Results of literature review of 243 subjects with coronary-cameral fistulas (65% congenital and 35% acquired)

Condition	n (%)	Mean age /range yr	Etiology	Management
	female %
MMFs	24 (15)	62.7 (39-85)	Congenital	CMM 100%
	Female 63%		part I
CCFs	135 (85)	46.2 (18-85)	Congenital	CMM 22%, SL 56%, PTE 22%
	Female 50%		part I
CCFs	7 (3)	24.1 (17-38)	Accidental	Emergent surgical intervention 100%
	Female 0%		part II
CCFs	8 (3.3)	55.8 (46-73)	Iatrogenic (pacing)	CMM
	Female 38%		part II	Spontaneous resolution
CCFs	7 (3)	66.5 (58-75)	Iatrogenic (PCI)	CMM
	Female 29%		part II
CCFs	25 (10.3)	50.8 (43-64)	Iatrogenic (EMB)	CMM
	Female 22%		part II	Spontaneous resolution 27%
CCFs	5 (2.1)	61 (40-78)	Iatrogenic (surgery)	CMM
	Female 20%		part II
CCFs	20 (8.2)	45 (32-74)	Iatrogenic (SM)	CMM 11%, PTE 11%
	Female unknown		part II	Spontaneous resolution 78%
CCFs	12 (5)	61 (29-75)	Spontaneous (post-MI) part II	CMM 60%, SL 30%
	Female 0%			Spontaneous resolution 10%

CCFs: Coronary cameral fistulas; CMM: Conservative medical management; EMB: Endomyocardial biopsy; MI: Myocardial infarction; MMFs: Coronary artery-ventricular multiple micro-fistulas; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; PTE: Percutaneous therapeutic embolization; SL: Surgical ligation; SM: Septal myectomy.