Preventing radiocontrast-induced nephropathy in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing coronary angiography

Table 7 Meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of bicarbonate and saline to prevent radiocontrast-induced nephropathy

Ref.	Year of publication	No. of patients	No. of trials	Relative risk (95% CI) of RCIN of bicarbonate therapy compared with saline	Study heterogeneity and publication bias
Joannidis et al[160]	2008	2043	9	0.45 (0.26-0.79)	Heterogeneity detectable and publication bias was present
Hogan et al[161]	2008	1307	7	0.37 (0.18-0.714)	Evidence of heterogeneity
Ho et al[162]	2008	573	4	0.22 (0.11-0.44)	Significant heterogeneity
Meier et al[163]	2009	2633	17	0.52 (0.34-0.80)	Evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias
Navaneethan et al[166]	2009	1854	12	0.46 (0.26-0.82)	Heterogeneity and publication bias were detectable
Kanbay et al[165]	2009	2448	17	0.54 (0.36-0.83)	There are study heterogeneity and publication biases
Zoungas et al[168]	2009	3563	23	0.62 (0.45-0.86)	Evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias was present
Hoste et al[167]	2010	3055	18	0.66 (0.45-0.95)	Evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias was present
Trivedi et al[171]	2010	1090	10	0.57 (0.38-0.85)	No evidence of heterogeneity and no publication bias
Kunadian et al[170]	2011	1734	7	0.33 (0.16-0.69)	Heterogeneity and publication bias were detectable
Brown et al[164]	2009	1994	10	0.65 (0.40-1.05)	Significant heterogeneity
Brar et al[169]	2009	2290 (large trials, 1145; small trials, 1145)	14 (large trials 3; small trials 11)	large trials: 0.85 (0.63-1.16); small trials: 0.50 (0.27-0.93)	Evidence of publication bias; heterogeneity accounted for by trial size

RCIN: Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.