Preventing radiocontrast-induced nephropathy in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing coronary angiography

Table 4 Clinical trials showing benefit of oral N-acetylcysteine for radiocontrast-induced nephropathy after angiography

Ref.	NAC dosing regimen (cumulated NAC dose)	No. of patients (NAC:control)	Hydration protocol	Contrast media type	Results
Shyu et al[88] (2002) coronary angiography	400 mg po bid before and after the procedure (1.6 g)	121 (60:61)	0.45% saline for 12 h pre- and 12 h postprocedure	LOCM iopamidol	3.3% vs 24.6% (P < 0.001)
Diaz-Sandoval[89] (2002) coronary angiography	600 mg po bid× 2, 1 dose before and 3 dose after the procedure (2.4 g)	54 (25:29)	0.45% saline for 2-12 h pre-and 12 h postprocedure	LOCM ioxilan	8.0% vs 45% (P = 0.005)
Kay et al[86] (2003) coronary angiography	600 mg po bid× 2, before and after the procedure (2.4 g)	200 (102:98)	0.9% saline for 12 h pre- and 6 h postprocedure;	LOCM iopamidol	3.9% vs 12.2% (P = 0.03)
MacNeill et al[90] (2003) coronary angiography	600 mg twice daily × 5 doses (3 g)	43 (21:22)	0.45% saline at a rate of 1 ml/kg per hour for 12 h for in-patients and 2 mL/kg per hour for 4 h for daycare patient	LOCM iopromide	5% vs 32% (P = 0.046)
Efrati et al[91] (2003) coronary angiography.	1000 mg po bid× 2, before and after the procedure (4 g)	49 (24:25)	0.45% saline hydration 1 mL/kg per hour for 12 h before and 12 h after coronary angiography	LOCM iopromide	0% vs 8%
Miner et al[92] (2004) coronary angiography	2000 mg po either 2 or 3 (4 g or 6 g)	180 (95:85)	0.45% intravenous saline	LOCM iohexol	9.6 % vs 22.2% (P = 0.04)
Briguori et al[87] (2004) cardiac/peripheral angiography	standard-dose 600 mg bid× 2 (2.4 g)	224 (110:114)	0.45% saline hydration 1 mL/kg per hour for 12 h before and 12 h after angiography	LOCM iobitridol	11.0% vs 3.5% (P = 0.038)

NAC: N-acetylcysteine; LOCM: Low-osmolar contrast media.