Short-term outcomes in heart failure patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the community

Table 4 Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis and clinical outcomes in the patient cohort for June 2007 to June 2010

Outcome	COPD and HF	HF alone	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value
HF hospitalization	36 (36)	143 (21)	1.78 (1.49-2.11)	< 0.001	1.56 (1.4-2.1)	< 0.001
All-cause mortality	29 (29)	177 (26)	1.07 (0.89-1.54)	0.428	1.02 (0.77-1.5)	0.225
Major CV events (non-fatal MI, stroke)	19 (19)	61 (9)	1.34 (1.1-1.53)	< 0.001	1.23 (1.03-1.75)	< 0.001
CV death	22 (22)	155 (23)	0.92 (0.68-1.06)	0.357	0.96 (0.77-1.13)	0.149

HF: Heart failure; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR: Hazard ratio; CV: Cardiovascular; MI: Myocardial infarction.