Gender gap in acute coronary heart disease: Myth or reality?

Table 2 Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and history of myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery stratified by gender

Author	Design	Study population	Patients		Age (mean, yr)		P	Hypertension (%)		P	Diabetes (%)		P	Smoking (%)		P	History of MI (%)		P	History of cardiac surgery (%)			P
study/date			Men	Women	Men	Women		Men	Women		Men	Women		Men	Women		Men	Women			Men	Women
Reynolds et al[30] 2007	RCT	MI	12 498	4090	59.5	67.0	< 0.001	29.7	47.3	< 0.001	14.4	21.0	< 0.001	49.7	34.3	< 0.001	16.4	12.5	< 0.001	CABG	3.7	2.2	< 0.001
																				PCI	7.5	4.5	< 0.001
Moriel et al[28] 2005	Pros cohort	ACS	820	511	78	79	0.12	58	74	< 0.001	33	40	0.007	13	5	< 0.001	39	29	< 0.001	CABG	14	7	< 0.001
																				PCI	21	11	< 0.001
Herlitz et al[18] 2009	Retro cohort	AMI	835	588	72.7	79.2	< 0.0001	46	56	0.01	24	21	NS	22	16	NS	42	33	< 0.0001	CABG	10	7	0.06
																				PCI	7	5	0.32
Mehilli et al[54] 2002	Pros cohort	AMI	1435	502	60.7	70.3	< 0.001	61.0	72.9	< 0.001	18.0	25.3	< 0.001	43.1	25.9	< 0.001	22.1	16.3	0.001	CABG	6.1	3.4	0.02
																				PCI	10.7	7.6	0.04
Mueller et al[55] 2002	Pros cohort	MI	1033	417	64	68	0.01	60	72	0.01	19	23	0.15	33	21	0.01	37	24	0.01	CABG	17	6	0.01
																				PCI	24	21	0.20
Toumpoulis et al[34] 2006	Pros cohort	CABG	2598	1162	63.2	66.2	< 0.001	65.9	79.4	< 0.001	28.8	45.5	< 0.001	16.1	12.9	0.011	50.7	46.1	0.010	CABG	7.8	5.3	0.006
																				PCI	10.9	12.8	0.093
Dallongevillle et al[15] 2010	Pros cohort	ACS	6698	2268	62.2	65.8	< 0.0001	80.3	87.9	< 0.0001	33.6	38.4	0.009	19.3	11.0	< 0.0001	19.1	20.6	< 0.0001	CABG	20.4	17.2	< 0.0001
Anand et al[9] 2005	Trial	ACS	7726	4836	62.7	66.5	0.0001	53	68.8	0.0001	20.9	24.6	0.0001	76.4	37.4	0.0001	36.9	23.9	0.0001	CABG	13.3	6.8	0.0001
																				PCI	11.5	7.2	0.0001
Matsui et al[26] 2002	Retro cohort	AMI	346	136	62.9	70.4		44	54	0.047	25	33	0.078	60	19	0.001	18	15	0.517	CABG	1	1	0.556
																				PCI	12	4	0.016
Tizón-Marcos et al[33] 2009	RCT	PCI	1050	298	59.7	62.5		49	59	0.004	17	20	0.19	32	36	0.23	45	41	0.19	CABG	6.3	6.4	1.00
																				PCI	21	14	0.016
Reina et al[51] 2007	Pros cohort	AMI	4641	1568	64	71	< 0.01	41.0	61.1	< 0.01	25.5	41.2	< 0.01	53.6	15.7	< 0.01	16.6	13.0	< 0.01	Total	7.2	12.0	< 0.01
Thompson et al[53] 2006	Pros cohort	PCI	807	359	61.7	67.7	< 0.001	59.3	67.8	0.006	23.8	30.1	0.03	47.4	38.5	0.005	25.2	22.4	0.33	CABG	8.3	7.2	0.53
																				PCI	28.3	24.6	0.20
Lee et al[78]	Pros cohort	STEMI	2954	1083	60.7	72.1	< 0.001	40.2	59.7	< 0.001	23.1	31.4	< 0.001	58.8	14.7	< 0.001	3.6	2.9	0.239	CABG	0.5	0.3	0.330
2008																				PCI	4.3	2.8	0.023
Jankowski et al[46] 2007	Pros cohort	CAD + PCI	738	187	57.5	60.6	< 0.001	72.6	87.8	< 0.001	14.5	21.3	< 0.05	13.6	6.4	< 0.01	63.2	66.0	NS	CABG	1.5	0.5	NS
																				PCI	8.8	8.5	NS
Duvernoy et al[43] 2010	Pros cohort	PCI	14848	7877	61.9	66.9	< 0.001	71.0	82.5	< 0.001	29.2	38.5	< 0.001	27.3	21.7	< 0.001	36.0	32.6	< 0.001	CABG	21.5	17.4	< 0.001
																				PCI	41.8	38.9	< 0.001
Lansky et al[22] 2005	RCT	AMI + PTCA	1520	562	57.0	66.0	< 0.001	29.0	59.3	< 0.001	14.0	25.7	< 0.001	45.3	37.4	0.001	15.7	8.4	< 0.001	PCI	12.7	7.1	< 0.001
Lansky et al[67] 2009	RCT	PCI	687	314	61.8	65.9	< 0.0001	72.7	81.5	0.0026	25.7	36.3	0.0007	24.0	21.2	0.3711	21.9	13.6	0.0022	Total	34.1	25.5	0.0066
De Luca et al[41] 2004	Pros cohort	STEMI	1195	353	59	66	< 0.001	24	39	< 0.001	8.7	15.8	< 0.001	52.1	42.7	0.002	11.6	7.1	0.014	CABG	2.1	1.7	NS
																				PCI	5.3	1.7	0.004
De Luca et al[42] 2010	Trail	STEMI	1283	379	59	67	< 0.001	39.1	52.5	< 0.001	15.3	22.4	< 0.001	56	36.9	< 0.001	9.2	7.7	0.35	Total	7.7	7.6	0.93
Bufe et al[62]	Pros cohort	STEMI + PCI	376	124	58	65	< 0.001	66	54.8	0.055	11.2	24.2	< 0.001	67.3	40.3	< 0.001	11.7	8.9	0.479	CABG	5.6	0.8	0.046
2010																				PCI	5.6	4.0	0.658
Carrabba et al[40] 2004	Pros cohort	STEMI	627	293	67.7	76.3	0.001	45.3	60.1	< 0.001	22.7	25.3	0.385	34.1	14.3	< 0.001	17.2	14.7	0.331	CABG	2.6	1.0	0.129
																				PCI	5.9	2.1	0.010
Lawesson et al[24] 2010	Retro cohort	STEMI aged < 46	1748	384	40.8	40.4	0.14	13.9	21.7	< 0.001	12.4	18.5	0.002	58.0	63.9	0.04	6.6	5.2	0.30	CABG	0.8	0.3	0.25
																				PCI	2.5	1.9	0.46
Berger et al[10] 2006	Pros cohort	PCI	2953	1331	61.9	66.8	< 0.001	66	78	< 0.001	22	36	< 0.001	15	10	< 0.001	36	33	0.08	CABG	19	14	0.001
																				PCI	26	24	0.137
Chiu et al[13]	Pros cohort	PCI	12 738	5301	62.3	66.5	< 0.001	58	71	< 0.001	24	34	< 0.001	21	20	0.01	43	42	0.29	CABG	30	21	< 0.001
2004																				PCI	6	4	< 0.001
Koch et al[20]	Pros cohort	CABG	1588	460				51.7	70.2	0.0001	22.5	36.3	0.0001	71.5	49.6	0.0001	14.3	10.7	0.044	CABG	14.4	7.0	0.0001
2003																				PCI	15.4	16.3	0.6249
Setoguchi et al[31] 2008	Pros cohort	AMI	317	1308	80	82	< 0.001	71	80	0.001	33	39	0.03	15	10	0.01	52	37	< 0.001	CABG	18	13	0.03
																				PCI	13	9	0.02

MI: Myocardial infarction; AMI: Acute myocardial Infarction; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; ACS: Acute coronary syndrome; STEMI: ST elevation MI; CAD: Coronary artery disease; NS: Not significant.