Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Current status and future perspectives

Table 3 Future valves under development

Name	Manufactured by	Country	Advantages and published experience
AorTx™	Hansen Medical	USA	Fully retrievable
Direct Flow™	Direct Flow Medical Inc	USA	Fully retrievable, inflatable fabric cuff around the valve that seals the aortic annulus. 6 patients implanted[59]
Engager™	Medtronic	USA	Specifically designed for transapical access. Easy positioning, better fixation (hooks). 30 implants in tricuspid position[53]
HLT™	Heart Leaflet Technologies	USA	”Flow-through” configuration that does not create obstruction. No need for rapid pacing
JenaValve™	JenaValve	Germany	Repositionable, clipping of the native leaflets. No need for rapid pacing. First-in-man
Lotus™	Sadra Medical / Boston Scientific	USA	Fully repositionable, self-centreing, early leaflet function before final release. First-in-man[60]
Paniagua™	Endoluminal technology Research	USA	Low profile catheter. First retrograde implantation in the world[61]
St Jude™	St Jude Medical	USA	Additional binding in the ascending aorta. Early stages. No human implants yet
ValveXchange™	ValveXchange Inc	USA	Permanent support frame and exchangeable leaflet set. Early stages. No human implants yet