Chronic cola drinking induces metabolic and cardiac alterations in rats

Table 4 Echocardiographic parameters at 6 and 12 mo (mean ± SD)

	Treatment (6 mo)			Washout (12 mo)
	W (n = 15)	C (n = 14)	L (n = 15)	W (n = 7)	C (n = 6)	L (n = 8)
LVDD (mm)	6.8 ± 0.4	7.4 ± 0.3a	7.3 ± 0.5a	7.2 ± 0.5	7.4 ± 0.4	7.8 ± 0.6
RWTh	0.40 ± 0.03c	0.37 ± 0.03a	0.36 ± 0.05a	0.35 ± 0.04	0.36 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.04
ESD (mm)	2.7 ± 0.5c	3.1 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 0.5	3.4 ± 0.4	3.4 ± 0.4	3.2 ± 0.3
IVSd (mm)	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1
LVPWd (mm)	1.6 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.1	1.5 ± 0.2	1.4 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.1
LVPWs (mm)	3.6 ± 0.6	3.6 ± 0.6	3.1 ± 0.6	3.7 ± 0.4	3.1 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.5
HR (bpm)	469 ± 36	470 ± 46	457 ± 44	469 ± 23	472 ± 26	452 ± 52
Aorta (mm)	3.5 ± 0.3	3.5 ± 0.3	3.5 ± 0.3	3.4 ± 0.2	3.4 ± 0.2	3.6 ± 0.1
LA (mm)	3.3 ± 0.3	3.4 ± 0.4	3.2 ± 0.4	3.3 ± 0.3	3.4 ± 0.5	3.3 ± 0.2
Sf (%)	59.9 ± 7.2	58.5 ± 8.6	57.2 ± 7.4	52.1 ± 4.6	54.3 ± 6.3	58.9 ± 2.9
EDV (mL)	0.27 ± 0.04	0.34 ± 0.04b	0.33 ± 0.06ac	0.32 ± 0.06	0.34 ± 0.06	0.41 ± 0.09b
ESV (mL)	0.02 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01
Ef (%)	93.0 ± 4	92.0 ± 4.9	91.5 ± 3.8	88.8 ± 2.9	90.1 ± 3.7	92.9 ± 1.4
SV (mL)	0.25 ± 0.04	0.31 ± 0.04a	0.31 ± 0.07a	0.28 ± 0.06	0.31 ± 0.07	0.37 ± 0.08a
CO (mL/min)	118 ± 21	148 ± 21a	138.5 ± 33	132 ± 26	146 ± 29	172 ± 46

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs W;

^cP < 0.05 vs same group after washout. LVDD: Left ventricular diastolic dimension; RWTh: Relative wall thickness; ESD: End-systolic dimension; IVSd: Interventricular septal end-diastolic dimension; LVPWd: Left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall dimension; LVPWs: Left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall dimension; HR: Heart rate; Aorta: Aorta diameter; LA: Left atrial dimension; Sf: Shortening fraction; EDV: End diastolic volume; ESV: End systolic volume; Ef: Ejection fraction; CO: Cardiac output; SV: Systolic volume.