Role of three-dimensional imaging integration in atrial fibrillation ablation

Figure 1 Three dimensional computed tomography image of a peculiar anatomic variant of the pulmonary veins in a patient with atrial fibrillation and no structural heart disease. A: The postero-anterior view of the left atrium and pulmonary veins; B: The endocardial aspect of the pulmonary vein oses after removal of the anterior wall of the left atrium. The common os of the left and right inferior pulmonary veins is evident both on the epicardial and endocardial (arrows) aspects. The oses of the right and left superior pulmonary veins are adjacent and more anterior, to the common os. LIPV: Left inferior pulmonary vein; LSPV: Left superior pulmonary vein; RIPV: Right inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV: Right superior pulmonary vein.