Role of three-dimensional imaging integration in atrial fibrillation ablation

Table 2 Overview of the studies designed to evaluate the methods and accuracy of imaging integration of the left atrium/pulmonary veins in an electroanatomic mapping system during the atrial fibrillation ablation procedure

Author	No. of pts	Percentage of pts with parox. AF	System	3D-imaging (No. of pts)	ICE	Type of EA reconstruction: single/multi chamber	No. of EA points	Distance between EA and CT/MRI points (mm)
								Mean	Maximum	Minimum
Tops et al[18]	16	31	CartoMerge	64-slice CT	N	Single	224 ± 59	2.1 ± 0.2	2.8 ± 1.8	1.7 ± 1.2
Dong et al[19]	16	62	CartoMerge	MRI (8)/64-slice CT (8)	N	Single	24 ± 7	2.1 ± 0.5	2.7 ± 1.8	0.9 ± 0.8
Kistler et al[20]	30	40	CartoMerge	8-slice CT	N	Single	39 ± 8	2.3 ± 0.4	9.3 ± 2.4	0 ± 0
Martinek et al[21]	40	65	CartoMerge	16-slice CT	N	Single	63 ± 14	1.6 ± 1.2	N/A	N/A
Heist et al[22]	61	57	CartoMerge	MRI (50)/64-slice CT (11)	N	Multi (LA + Ao)	LA (49 ± 25)	1.9 ± 0.6	4.3 ± 3.4	1.2 ± 1.0
							Ao (148 ± 41)
Fahmy et al[23]	124	55	CartoMerge	64-slice CT	N	N/A	59 ± 22	2.2 ± 1.7	N/A	N/A
Daccarett et al[24]	18	58	CartoMerge	64-slice CT	Y	Single	41 ± 8	5-101	N/A	N/A
Bertaglia et al[25]	40	55	CartoMerge	MRI	N	Single	37 ± 10	1.3 ± 1.0	N/A	N/A
Richmond et al[26]	23	61	NAVx Fusion	8-slice CT	N	Single	N/A	3.2 ± 0.9	6.1 ± 1.0	2.9 ± 0.7
Brooks et al[27]	55	53	NAVx Fusion	64-slice CT	N	Single	N/A	2.6 ± 2.2	6.6 ± 2.8	1.9 ± 0.4
Rossillo et al[28]	40	45	CartoMerge	Multislice CT	Y	Single	47 ± 9	1.4 ± 0.3	N/A	N/A
Nölker et al[29]	38	50	CartoMerge	Rotational angiography	N	Single	104 ± 59	2.2 ± 0.4	N/A	N/A
Ejima et al[30]	24	83	CartoMerge	64-slice CT	N	Single	88 ± 34	1.7 ± 0.5	6.1 ± 2.7	0.04 ± 0.03

¹Distance between an electroanatomic (EA) point and the same point localized by ICE. 3D: Three dimensional; AF: Atrial fibrillation; Ao: Aorta; CT: Computed tomography; ICE: Intra-cardiac echocardiography; LA: Left atrium; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; N: No; Y: Yes; N/A: Not available; Parox.: Paroxysmal; pts: Patients.