RAAS and adrenergic genes in heart failure: Function, predisposition and survival implications

doi:10.4330/wjc.v2.i7.187

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Jul 26, 2010 (publication date) through Jan 19, 2025

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Cardiol. Jul 26, 2010; 2(7): 187-197
Published online Jul 26, 2010. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v2.i7.187

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Figure 1 Adrenergic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system signaling pathways. AC: Adenylyl cyclase; ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; AGT: Angiotensinogen; ANG: Angiotensin; cAMP: Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; βarr: β-arrestin; DAG: Diaglycerol; GRK2: G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2; GRK5: G-protein coupled receptor kinase 5; IP3: Inositol trisphosphate; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIP2: Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate; PKA: Protein kinase A; PKC: Protein kinase C; PLC: Phospholipase C; SR: Sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Citation: Alves AJ, Eynon N, Oliveira J, Goldhammer E. RAAS and adrenergic genes in heart failure: Function, predisposition and survival implications. World J Cardiol 2010; 2(7): 187-197
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v2/i7/187.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v2.i7.187