Adenosine triphosphate-induced cell death in heart failure: Is there a link?

Table 1 Experimental studies examining the role of adenosine triphosphate-induced cell death in cardiomyopathy

Ref.	Year	Model	Marker(s)	Compound/target	Effect(s)
Wu et al[41]	2024	LPS-induced SIC model	LVEF, LVFS, SV, BNP and IL-1β and IL-18	IP3R2	The up-regulation of NLRP3 Leads to GSDMD-induced myocardial tissue pyroptosis
Croteau et al[40]	2023	The high fat-sucrose diet-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy mice model	PCr/ATP	Ertugliflozin	Decreases elevated intracellular sodium
Belosludtseva et al[39]	2023	ISO-induced myocardial injuries	TnI, the ratio of AST/ALT, level of LV myocardial ATP	Uridine	Inhibit ISO-induced excessive production of ROS and lipid peroxidation in rat heart mitochondria
Zhang et al[38]	2016	Cardiotoxicity of ADR	PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM	Cryptotanshinone	Increase the activity of complexes other than Complex II, significantly promoting the production of ATP energy
Ding et al[37]	2023	Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy	Enzymes CK, CK-MB and LDH	SGI	Increase ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibit intracellular ROS
Panxia et al[36]	2019	Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy	SESN2	SESN2	Improve mitochondrial function and mitochondrial autophagy to prevent Dox-induced cardiotoxicity
Song et al[35]	2021	DCM	caspase 1	SIRT3	Promote myocardial necrotic apoptosis in DCM mice
Wang et al[34]	2025	CLP-SIC mice model	SOD and GSH-Px	PGJXD	Inhibit inflammatory responses and improve cardiomyocyte apoptosis, alleviate mitochondrial structural abnormalities in CLP model, reduce oxidative stress damage and promote energy synthesis
Guo et al[32]	2025	STZ/HFD-induced mouse model	TNF-α, IL-6, Masson Trichrome staining, ORO staining	SIRT2	SIRT2-mediated deacetylation at K239 enhances CPT2 ubiquitination
Yuan et al[33]	2025	CLP mouse model	LDH	5'tiRNA-33-CysACA-1	The key molecule PGC-1α promotes the development of SCM by targeting mitochondrial biogenesis

LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; SIC: Silicon carbide; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; BNP: B-Type Natriuretic Peptide; SV: Stroke volume; IP3R2: Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 2; LVFS: Left ventricular fractional shortening; IL-1β: Interleukin-1 beta; IL-18: Interleukin-18; GSDMD: Gasdermin; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; PCr: Creatine phosphate; ISO: Isoproterenol; TnI: Troponin I; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; ADR: Adverse drug reaction; PGC-1α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha; NRF-1: Nuclear respiratory factor 1; TFAM: Mitochondrial transcription factor A; CK: Creatine kinase; CK-MB: Creatine kinase MB; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; DCM: Diabetic cardiomyopathy; SESN2: Sestrin2; SIRT3: Sirtuin 3; CLP: The cecal ligation and puncture; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase; PGJXD: Po-Ge-Jiu-Xin decoction; SIRT2: Sirtuin 2; STZ/HFD: High-fat diet and streptozotocin; TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor alpha; IL-6: Interleukin-6; ORO: Oil Red O; SCM: Septic cardiomyopathy.