Development and validation of a machine learning model for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease using single-lead electrocardiogram parameters

doi:10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.104396

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Apr 26, 2025 (publication date) through Apr 21, 2025

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Cardiol. Apr 26, 2025; 17(4): 104396
Published online Apr 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.104396

Table 7 Continuous variables

Variable	Mean		t value	P value
Variable	Yes	No	t value	P value
Age (years)	59.930 ± 11.708	53.967 ± 9.231	2.533	0.013¹
Pulse rest (beat/minute)	70.225 ± 10.744	70.326 ± 8.844	-0.045	0.963
SBP rest (mmHg)	124.483 ± 20.563	122.326 ± 11.227	0.606	0.545
DBP rest (mmHg)	82.354 ± 13.164	79.5102 ± 9.815	1.104	0.272
Body weight (kg)	77.129 ± 14.716	78.420 ± 17.257	-0.344	0.731
Height (cm)	169.806 ± 9.414	170.040 ± 8.546	-0.114	0.908
BMI (kg/m²)	26.707 ± 4.231	27.065 ± 5.318	-0.316	0.752
Pulse rest (beat/min)	69.645 ± 11.51	69.693 ± 7.632	-0.022	0.981
Pulse after stress (beat/min)	85.741 ± 11.888	87.612 ± 9.720	-0.768	0.444
Goal heart rate (beat/min)	160.069 ± 11.708	166.032 ± 9.231	-2.533	0.013¹
Max HR (beat/min)	142.677 ± 17.666	148.510 ± 10.918	-1.827	0.071
Reached %	89.423 ± 12.094	89.602 ± 6.844	-0.084	0.933
WT	120.967 ± 47.035	128.571 ± 42.389	-0.749	0.456
METs	6.329 ± 2.035	6.887 ± 1.929	-1.235	0.220
EF (%)	64.478 ± 4.775	64.547 ± 4.220	-0.060	0.951
eVessel age (years)	61.225 ± 12.422	53.510 ± 13.447	2.573	0.011¹
R-CAVI	8.580 ± 1.039	7.971 ± 1.518	1.959	0.053
L-CAVI	8.438 ± 0.938	8.018 ± 1.469	1.418	0.160
Mean CAVI	8.509 ± 0.975	7.994 ± 1.489	1,7045	0,092
RABI	1.123 ± 0.100	1.162 ± 0.076	-1.990	0.049¹
LABI	1.129 ± 0.087	1.158 ± 0.080	-1.505	0.136
Mean SBP B (mmHg)	137.983 ± 15.433	132.091 ± 10.919	1.998	0.049
Mean DBP B (mmHg)	86.919 ± 8.768	84.234 ± 8.003	1.408	0.162
BP RB [(SBP + DBP)/2] (mmHg)	106.419 ± 12.852	102.428 ± 10.484	1.518	0.132
BP LB [(SBP + DBP)/2] (mmHg)	107.096 ± 11.510	102.918 ± 9.638	1.750	0.083
Mean BP B (mmHg)	106.758 ± 11.940	102.6735 ± 9.75990	1.671	0.098
BP RA [(SBP + DBP)/2] (mmHg)	110.645 ± 13.093	106.959 ± 12.117	1.284	0.202
BP LA [(SBP + DBP)/2] (mmHg)	111.290 ± 12.770	106.938 ± 10.439	1.664	0.100
Mean BP A (mmHg)	110.967 ± 12.371	106.949 ± 10.695	1.540	0.127
Mean ABI	1.126 ± 0.090	1.160 ± 0.072	-1.857	0.066
RTb	77.258 ± 10.237	82.591 ± 14.851	-1.751	0.083
LTb	74.161 ± 12.881	79.224 ± 14.467	-1.589	0.115
Mean Tb	75.709 ± 10.650	80.908 ± 13.323	-1.832	0.070
Right Tba	81.193 ± 16.279	89.469 ± 15.520	-2.279	0.025¹
Left Tba	83.000 ± 14.730	88.551 ± 14.390	-1.665	0.099
Mean Tba	82.096 ± 15.384	89.010 ± 14.878	-1.998	0.049¹
Lha (cm)	148.057 ± 7.652	148.247 ± 6.947	-0.114	0.908
haPWV (m/s)	0.953 ± 0.118	0.886 ± 0.120	2.445	0.016¹
β-stiffness index from PWV	2.953 ± 0.659	2.756 ± 0.895	1.056	0.293
Creatinine (µmol/L)	80.378 ± 15.447	84.233 ± 16.341	-1.049	0.297
eGFR (2021 CKD-EPI creatinine)	84.854 ± 15.146	85.589 ± 14.535	-0.216	0.828

¹Values of statically significant differences.

Data presented as mean ± SD. t-tests grouping: Myocardial perfusion defect after stress ATP. Group 1 (n = 31): Positive CT myocardial perfusion; Group 2 (n = 49): Negative CT myocardial perfusion. SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; HR: Heart rate; WT: Watt; METs: Metabolic equivalent; EF: Echocardiographic ejection fraction; R-CAVI: Right cardio-ankle vascular index; L-CAVI: Left cardio-ankle vascular index; CAVI: Cardio-ankle vascular index; RABI: Right ankle-brachial index; LABI: Left ankle-brachial index; SBP B: Systolic blood pressure brachial; DBP B: Diastolic blood pressure brachial; BP RB: Blood pressure right brachial; BP LB: Blood pressure left brachial; BP B: Blood pressure brachial; BP RA: Blood pressure right ankle; BP LA: Blood pressure left ankle; BP A: Blood pressure ankle; ABI: Ankle-brachial index; RTb: Right brachial pulse; LTb: Left brachial pulse; Tb: Mean brachial pulse; Tba: Mean brachial-ankle pulse; Lha: Length heart-ankle; haPWV: Heart-ankle pulse wave velocity; PWV: Pulse wave velocity; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Citation: Marzoog BA, Chomakhidze P, Gognieva D, Silantyev A, Suvorov A, Abdullaev M, Mozzhukhina N, Filippova DA, Kostin SV, Kolpashnikova M, Ershova N, Ushakov N, Mesitskaya D, Kopylov P. Development and validation of a machine learning model for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease using single-lead electrocardiogram parameters. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(4): 104396
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v17/i4/104396.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.104396