Tissue-source effect on mesenchymal stem cells as living biodrugs for heart failure: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of randomized clinical trials included in the meta-analysis of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal-stem-cell-based cardiac therapy, n (%)

		Chullikana et al[29], 2015 (India)	Hare et al[30], 2009 (USA)	Heldman et al[34], 2014 (USA)	Mathiasen et al[31], 2015 (Denmark)	Xiao et al[27], 2017 (China)
Study type		RCT	RCT	Open label RCT	RCT	Open label RCT
Phase		I/II	I	I/II	I/II	I/II
Condition		MI	MI	HF	HF	HF
Sample size	Total	20	53	30	60	37
	Intervention (male)	10 (100)	34 (82.4)	19 (94.7)	40 (90)	17 (70)
	Control (male)	10 (80)	19 (78.9)	11 (90.9)	20 (70)	20 (70)
Mean age (mean ± SD)	Intervention	47.31 ± 12.10	59 ± 12.3	57.1 ± 10.6	66.1 ± 7.7	51.6 ± 12.2
	Control	47.79 ± 6.48	55 ± 10.2	60.0 ± 12.0	64.2 ± 10.6	54.4 ± 11.6
Mean BMI (mean ± SD)	Intervention	23.32 ± 3.74	29.8 ± 6.7	N/A	29.8 + 4.7	N/A
	Control	24.86 ± 1.88	30.3 ± 4.3	N/A	28.7 ± 5.3	N/A
Number of smokers	Intervention	N/A	3 (8.8)	14 (73)	7 (17)	N/A
	Control	N/A	2 (10.5)	9 (81.9)	1 (5)	N/A
HTN	Intervention	N/A	16 (17.6)	12 (63.2)	0	4 (23)
	Control	N/A	9 (47.4)	6 (54.5)	0	7 (35)
DM	Intervention	N/A	6 (17.6)	3 (15.8)	15 (37)	5 (29.4)
	Control	N/A	1 (5.3)	3 (27.3)	3 (15)	6 (30)
NYHA; I (n), II (n), III (n), IV (n)	Intervention	N/A	N/A	I (5)/II (12)/III (2)	II (11)/III (29)	II
	Control	N/A	N/A	I (2)/II (5)/III (3)	II (5)/III (15)	II
Comparison		Placebo (multiple electrolytes injection)	Placebo	HF treatments	HF treatments	HF treatments
Follow-up		6 mo to 2 yr	6 mo	12 mo	6 mo	12 mo
Assessment modality (yes/no)	ECG	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
	Echo	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
	MRI	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
	Cardiac CT	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
	SPECT	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Measured outcomes		Adverse events, LVEF (Echo and SPECT), total perfusion score, and total infarct volume	Safety, adverse events, LVEF (Echo), and 6MWD	Adverse events (primary), 6MWD, NYHA, and LV parameters (secondary)	LVESV (primary), LVEF, NYHA, 6MWD, and LV parameters (secondary)	LVEF, NYHA, LVEDV, and MAE are primary endpoints

HUC-MSCs: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; HT: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; HF: Heart failure; LV: Left ventricle; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV: Left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVESV: Left ventricular end systolic volume; MI: Myocardial infarction; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance test; N/A: Not available; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; ECG: Electrocardiogram; Echo: Echocardiogram; MRI: Magnetic resonance ımaging; CT: Computed tomography; SPECT: Single-photon emission computed tomography.