Impact of depression on in-hospital outcomes for adults with type 2 myocardial infarction: A United States population-based analysis

Table 1 Demographic characteristics and comorbidities in type 2 myocardial infarction-related hospitalizations with vs without depression

	Depression		Total T2MI, n = 331145	P value
	No, n = 289740	Yes, n = 41405
Age at admission
Median (IQR)	73 (62-83)	71 (61-81)	73 (62-82)	< 0.001
18-44 years	5.4%	5.0%	5.3%
45-64 years	24.1%	27.6%	24.6%
≥ 65 years	67.3%	70.1%	70.5%
Sex				< 0.001
Male	54.6%	40.1%	52.8%
Female	45.4%	59.9%	47.2%
Race				< 0.001
White	68.7%	78.4%	69.9%
Black	16.9%	11.2%	16.2%
Hispanic	8.1%	6.1%	7.8%
Asian or Pacific Islander	2.8%	1.4%	2.6%
Native American	0.8%	0.9%	0.9%
Others	2.8%	2.0%	2.7%
Median household income quartile for patient zip code				< 0.001
0-25th	32.9%	31.2%	32.7%
26-50th	26.5%	27.2%	26.6%
51-75th	23.1%	23.6%	23.2%
76-100th	17.5%	17.9%	17.5%
Primary expected payer				< 0.001
Medicare	71.8%	73.5%	72.0%
Medicaid	10.4%	11.1%	10.5%
Private including HMO	12.5%	10.8%	12.3%
Self-pay	2.9%	2.1%	2.8%
No charges	0.2%	0.1%	0.2%
Others	2.2%	2.4%	2.2%
Type of admission				0.985
Non-elective	97.0%	97.0%	97.0%
Elective	3.0%	3.0%	3.0%
Location/teaching status of hospital				< 0.001
Rural	8.4%	9.0%	8.5%
Urban non-teaching	15.6%	15.2%	15.5%
Urban teaching	76.0%	75.8%	76.0%
Region of hospital				< 0.001
Northeast	22.9%	21.7%	22.8%
Midwest	23.1%	27.9%	23.7%
South	35.0%	33.4%	34.8%
West	19.0%	17.0%	18.7%
Comorbidities
Alcohol abuse	4.9%	0.6%	5.0%	< 0.001
Arthropathies	4.1%	5.8%	4.3%	< 0.001
Dementia	10.9%	15.8%	11.6%	< 0.001
Hypertension, complicated	49.9%	49.2%	49.8%	0.006
Hypertension, uncomplicated	19.9%	22.6%	20.2%	< 0.001
Diabetes with chronic complications	31.5%	32.4%	31.6%	< 0.001
Diabetes without chronic complications	9.0%	8.9%	9.0%	0.244
Hyperlipidemia	48.9%	56.5%	49.9%	< 0.001
Obesity	17.9%	21.3%	18.4%	< 0.001
Peripheral vascular disease	11.3%	11.6%	11.3%	0.095
Prior MI	12.2%	13.2%	12.3%	< 0.001
Prior TIA/stroke	8.6%	10.1%	8.8%	< 0.001
Drug abuse	5.0%	7.4%	5.3%	< 0.001
Tobacco use disorder	15.5%	19.4%	16.0%	< 0.001
Chronic pulmonary disease	31.4%	38.9%	32.3%	< 0.001
Hypothyroidism	15.0%	21.3%	15.8%	< 0.001
Other thyroid disorders	1.5%	1.9%	1.5%	< 0.001
Anxiety & fear related disorders	9.0%	39.3%	9.0%	< 0.001
Cancer	9.3%	7.7%	9.1%	< 0.001

P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. IQR: Interquartile range; HMO: Health Maintenance Organization; MI: Myocardial infarction; PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; TIA: Transient ischemic attack; T2MI: Type 2 myocardial infarction.