Rates, predictors, and causes of readmission after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic kidney disease

Table 1 The baseline characteristics of the patients who were readmitted, and those who were not readmitted during index admission, n (%)

Patient population	Patients underwent TAVR and were discharged alive with no readmission in 90 days (n = 16483) (67.6)	Patients underwent TAVR and were discharged alive with readmission in 90 days (n = 7892) (32.4)	P value
18-44	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.2890
45-64	544 (3.3)	229 (2.9)
≥ 65	15939 (96.7)	7663 (97.1)
Female	6478 (39.3)	3354 (42.5)	0.0018
Male	10005 (60.7)	4538 (57.5)
Insurance status
Medicaid	15395 (93.4)	7426 (94.1)	0.5559
Medicare	164 (1.0)	71 (0.9)
Private	890 (5.4)	379 (4.8)
Self-pay	33 (0.2)	16 (0.2)
Length of stay
Less than 3 days	10285 (62.4)	3528 (44.7)	< 0.001
3 to 6 days	3065 (18.6)	1618 (20.5)
More than 6 days	3131 (19.0)	2746 (34.8)
Hospital bed size
Small	807 (4.9)	379 (4.8)	0.9935
Medium	3955 (24.0)	1894 (24.0)
Large	11719 (71.1)	5619 (71.2)
Teaching hospital	14653 (88.9)	7000 (88.7)	0.7673
Non-teaching hospital	1830 (11.1)	892 (11.3)
Urban hospital	16335 (99.1)	7805 (98.9)	0.3680
Rural hospital	148 (0.9)	87 (1.1)
CCI
No comorbidity	1830 (11.1)	1634 (20.7)	< 0.001
1 comorbidity	5011 (30.4)	1847 (23.4)
2 comorbidities	5357 (32.5)	1515 (19.2)
≥ 3 comorbidities	4286 (26.0)	2896 (36.7)
Median household income
First quartile ($1-$49999)	3395 (20.6)	1673 (21.2)	0.3420
Second quartile ($50000-$64999)	4928 (29.9)	2352 (29.8)
Third quartile ($65000-$85999)	4401 (26.7)	2186 (27.7)
Fourth quartile ($86000+)	3758 (22.8)	1681 (21.3)
Hypertension	181 (1.1)	79 (1.0)	0.9876
Congestive heart failure	13104 (79.5)	6740 (85.4)	< 0.001
Coronary artery disease	12329 (74.8)	5974 (75.7)	0.3283
History of cerebrovascular accidents	462 (2.8)	260 (3.3)	0.2142
Malnutrition	429 (2.6)	355 (4.5)	< 0.001
COPD	3841 (23.3)	2210 (28.0)	< 0.001
Obesity	4055 (24.6)	2036 (25.8)	0.2091
Diabetes mellitus	7731 (46.9)	4175 (52.9)	< 0.001
Dyslipidemia	12873 (78.1)	5769 (73.1)	< 0.001
Cancer	1071 (6.5)	805 (10.2)	< 0.001
Anemia	6214 (37.7)	3891 (49.3)	< 0.001
Smoking	6560 (39.8)	3038 (38.5)	0.2631
Peripheral arterial disease	1747 (10.6)	971 (12.3)	0.0133
Cirrhosis	280 (1.7)	174 (2.2)	0.0745
Alcohol abuse	165 (1.0)	95 (1.2)	0.1668
Atrial fibrillation or flutter	4104 (24.9)	2636 (33.4)	< 0.001
Vascular complications	577 (3.5)	450 (5.7)	< 0.001
Pericardial complications	82 (0.5)	110 (1.4)	< 0.001
Cardiac complications	346 (2.1)	316 (4)	< 0.001
Respiratory complications	214 (1.3)	189 (2.4)	< 0.001
Infectious complications	742 (4.5)	576 (7.3)	< 0.001
Gastrointestinal complications	143 (0.87)	77 (0.97)	0.4053
Neurological complications	59 (0.36)	36 (0.46)	0.3743
Skin related complications	138 (0.84)	118 (1.5)	0.0012
Cardiac tamponade	59 (0.36)	70 (0.89)	0.0001
Post operative bleeding	155 (0.94)	89 (1.13)	0.4053

CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TAVR: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement.