Cardiovascular mechanisms of thyroid hormones and heart failure: Current knowledge and perspectives

doi:10.4330/wjc.v16.i5.226

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May 26, 2024 (publication date) through Dec 1, 2024

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Cardiol. May 26, 2024; 16(5): 226-230
Published online May 26, 2024. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v16.i5.226

Table 1 The chief areas of future research of non-thyroidal illness syndrome in heart failure

Area of research	Clinical parameters
Best correlations of TH with clinical, echocardiographic and laboratory parameters of HF	Total serum T₃ (LVEF, LVDD, NT-proBNP)
	Free T₃/free T₄ ratio (cardiac chamber diameters, LVEF, NYHA class)
	Reverse T₃ (predictor of mortality)
Possible treatment options	Better individual titration of levothyroxine therapy
	Combined T₃ + T₄ therapy
	Natural measures to increase T₃
Parameters of clinical status/improvement monitoring	LVEF
	LVDD
	NT-proBNP
	HF cardinal symptom attenuation/alleviation
	HF signs attenuation/alleviation

HF: Heart failure; TH: Thyroid hormones; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVDD: Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; T₃: Triiodothyronine; T₄: Thyroxine.

Citation: Čulić V. Cardiovascular mechanisms of thyroid hormones and heart failure: Current knowledge and perspectives. World J Cardiol 2024; 16(5): 226-230
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v16/i5/226.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v16.i5.226