Epicardial adipose tissue in obesity with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance biomarker study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and laboratory findings of the obesity in populations with and without heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, n (%)

Parameter	HFpEF+ (n = 17)	HFpEF- (n = 45)	P value
Age (yr)	42.94 ± 3.37	36.60 ± 1.80	0.0819
> 60A	3 (17.6)	1 (0.02)	0.0275a
Male gender	11 (64.7)	25 (55.6)	0.5227
BSA (m2)	2.17 ± 0.07	2.13 ± 0.04	0.639
Weight (kg)	102.60 ± 5.49	103.00 ± 4.37	0.9667
BMI (kg/m2)	35.78 ± 1.28	33.5 ± 0.99	0.2093
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	139.80 ± 4.73	130.90 ± 1.84	0.0370a
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	86.59 ± 3.21	82.51 ± 1.61	0.2174
Complications
Diabetes	9 (20.0)	4 (23.5)	0.7653
Hypertension	6 (35.3)	6 (13.3)	0.052
Hyperlipidemia	8 (47.1)	13 (28.9)	0.1652
Hyperuricemia	4 (23.5)	12 (26.7)	0.8051
Fatty liver	10 (58.8)	13 (28.9)	0.0253a
Biomarkers
BNP (pg/mL)	22.67 ± 5.21	21.63 ± 2.95	0.86
Laboratory investigations
Serum cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.01 ± 0.26	5.06 ± 0.16	0.8666
Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.13 ± 0.21	1.85 ± 0.17	0.3609
Serum HDL (mmol/L)	1.06 ± 0.06	1.17 ± 0.03	0.0766
Serum LDL (mmol/L)	3.05 ± 0.20	3.12 ± 0.13	0.7818

^aP < 0.05.

Data were given as means ± standard deviations. HFpEF: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; BSA: Body surface area; BMI: Body mass index; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein.