Cardiac hypertrophy in polycythemia vera: A case report and review of literature

Table 4 Characteristics of different cardiac hypertrophy diseases

Name of disease	Typical features	Means of identification
HCM	Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, often accompanied by left ventricular outflow tract obstruction	Genetic testing and cardiac MRI
Hypertensive heart disease	Symmetrical myocardial hypertrophy, generally, ventricular wall thickness is ≤ 15 mm	History of hypertension for many years
Fabry disease	Concentric hypertrophy	α-Galactosidase A activity assay, GLA gene test
Myocardial amyloidosis	Symmetrical myocardial hypertrophy, characterized on electrocardiography by low voltage or normal voltage	Radionuclide imaging, cardiac biopsy line histology and amyloid staining
Physiological hypertrophy	In athletes, the unique condition of mild, uniform left ventricular wall thickening may be accompanied by an increase in left ventricular cavity diameter	Cardiopulmonary exercise test

HCM: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.