Outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and new onset heart blocks: Insight from the National Inpatient Sample database

Table 2 Baseline demographics and comorbid condition rate of patients admitted for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia with and without bundle branch block without a pacemaker, n (%)

	Study group	Control group	P value
	All bundle branch blocks without pacemaker (n = 17365/1.6%)	No bundle branch blocks (n = 1044660/98.4%)
Age (year), mean	72.5	64	< 0.001
Gender			< 0.001
Female	6845 (39.4)	492775 (47.3)
Male	(60.6)	(52.7)
Ethnicity			0.0359
White	10766 (62)	543223 (52)
Black	2431 (14)	198485 (19)
Hispanic	2952 (17)	219378 (21)
Other	1216 (7)	83573 (8)
Chronic kidney disease	5005 (29)	201080 (19)	< 0.001
Hypertension	6390 (37)	431830 (41)	< 0.001
Congestive heart failure	5470 (32)	158555 (15)	< 0.001
Government insured	13360 (79.5)	662990 (67)	< 0.001
Private insured	3065 (18.2)	289605 (29.3)	< 0.001
Self-pay	385 (2.3)	35570 (3.6)	< 0.001
Poor socioeconomic status	3290	165275
Hospital region			< 0.001
Northeast	3885 (22.4)	183315 (17.6)
Midwest	4725 (27.2)	241390 (23.2)
South	6160 (35.4)	436866 (42)
West	2595 (15)	179880 (17.2)
Hospital bed size			0.0025
Small	3900 (22.4)	267490 (25.6)
Medium	5345 (30.8)	300385 (29)
Large	8120 (46.8)	473575 (45.4)
Charlson index			< 0.001
0	2952 (17)	292505 (28)
1	3646 (21)	292505 (28)
2	3299 (19)	147145 (16)
3	7466 (43)	292505 (28)
Median household income			< 0.001
First quartile	5088 (29.3)	355184 (34)
Second quartile	4705 (27.1)	292505 (28)
Third quartile	4202 (24.4)	229825 (22)
Fourth quartile	3334 (19.2)	147145 (16)
Myocardial infarction	3035 (17.5)	74775 (7)	< 0.001
Peripheral vascular disease	1530 (9)	46145 (4.4)	< 0.001
Cerebrovascular disease	1045 (6)	41215 (4)	< 0.001
Dementia	2835 (16)	113770 (11)	< 0.001
Chronic obstructive lung disease	4300 (25)	243800 (23.4)	0.0592
Rheumatoid arthritis	495 (3)	29690 (3)	0.9993
Peptic ulcer disease	60 (0.4)	4585 (0.4)	0.4011
Mild liver disease	670 (3.8)	35700 (3.4)	0.1675
Diabetes mellitus	4005 (23)	259525 (25)	0.0137
Diabetic complications	7420 (43)	322240 (30.8)	< 0.001
Hemiplegia or paraplegia	320 (1.8)	16420 (1.6)	0.3728
Renal disease	10370 (60)	412910 (39.5)	< 0.001
Cancer	970 (5.6)	56730 (5.4)	0.7950
Moderate/Severe liver disease	240 (1.4)	15660 (1.5)	0.7335
Metastatic cancer	840 (4.8)	48540 (4.6)	0.8478
AIDS	210 (1.2)	13830 (1.3)	0.8074

Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used to compare the baseline characteristics accordingly, and the resulting P values are shown. AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.