Copyright
©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Cardiol. May 26, 2023; 15(5): 262-272
Published online May 26, 2023. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i5.262
Published online May 26, 2023. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i5.262
Table 1 Baseline characteristics overall and by apparent treatment resistant hypertension status, n (%)
| Overall | Resistant hypertension | |||
| Yes | No | P value | ||
| Total | 25516 | 2329 (9.1) | 23187 (90.9) | |
| Treatment group | < 0.001 | |||
| Chlorthalidone | 11808 (46.3) | 853 (36.6) | 10955 (47.3) | |
| Amlodipine | 6955 (27.3) | 554 (23.8) | 6401 (27.6) | |
| Lisinopril | 6753 (26.5) | 922 (39.6) | 5831 (25.2) | |
| Race | < 0.001 | |||
| White | 15397 (60.3) | 1272 (54.6) | 14125 (60.9) | |
| African American | 8808 (34.5) | 953 (40.9) | 7855 (33.9) | |
| Am. Indian/Alaskan Native | 58 (0.2) | 3 (0.1) | 55 (0.2) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 312 (1.2) | 26 (1.1) | 286 (1.2) | |
| Other | 941 (3.7) | 75 (3.2) | 866 (3.7) | |
| Hispanic | 4485 (17.6) | 204 (8.8) | 4281 (18.5) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 13597 (53.3) | 1333 (57.2) | 12264 (52.9) | |
| Female | 11919 (46.7) | 996 (42.8) | 10923 (47.1) | |
| Geographic region | < 0.001 | |||
| East | 3917 (15.4) | 337 (14.5) | 3580 (15.4) | |
| Midwest | 4736 (18.6) | 449 (19.3) | 4287 (18.5) | |
| South | 10603 (41.6) | 1165 (50.0) | 9438 (40.7) | |
| West | 2635 (10.3) | 254 (10.9) | 2381 (10.3) | |
| Canada | 461 (1.8) | 33 (1.4) | 428 (1.9) | |
| PR/VI | 3164 (12.4) | 91 (3.9) | 3073 (13.3) | |
| Preventive HTN treat | 23033 (90.3) | 2242 (96.3) | 20791 (89.7) | < 0.001 |
| Obese | 10604 (41.6) | 1085 (46.6) | 9519 (41.1) | < 0.001 |
| History of MI or stroke | 5499 (21.6) | 498 (21.4) | 5001 (21.6) | 0.84 |
| History of coronary revascularization | 3016 (11.8) | 327 (14.0) | 2689 (11.6) | < 0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 8975 (35.2) | 1061 (45.6) | 7914 (34.1) | < 0.001 |
| left ventricular hypertrophy | 5110 (20.0) | 551 (23.7) | 4559 (19.7) | < 0.001 |
| History of CHD | 5981 (23.6) | 534 (23.2) | 5447 (23.7) | 0.61 |
| Smoking status | < 0.001 | |||
| Current | 5491 (21.5) | 423 (18.2) | 5068 (21.9) | |
| Past | 10394 (40.7) | 992 (42.6) | 9402 (40.6) | |
| Never | 9631 (37.7) | 914 (39.2) | 8717 (37.6) | |
| Aspirin use | 9084 (35.6) | 922 (39.6) | 8162 (35.2) | < 0.001 |
| Estrogen use (in women) | 2230 (18.7) | 182 (18.3) | 2048 (18.8) | 0.84 |
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 66.6 ± 7.5 | 67 ± 7.5 | 67 ± 7.5 | 0.78 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 29.7 ± 5.9 | 30 ± 5.9 | 30 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) (mean ± SD) | 146.0 ± 15.6 | 152 ± 15.1 | 145 ± 15.5 | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mm Hg) (mean ± SD) | 84.0 ± 10.0 | 85 ± 10.6 | 84 ± 9.9 | 0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mean ± SD) | 215.7 ± 42.5 | 216 ± 44.8 | 216 ± 42.2 | 0.79 |
| GFR | 78.0 ± 19.3 | 75 ± 20.6 | 78 ± 19.2 | < 0.001 |
- Citation: Nelson JT, Liu L. Pharmacoepidemiologic study of association between apparent treatment resistant hypertension, cardiovascular disease and interaction effect by sex and age. World J Cardiol 2023; 15(5): 262-272
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v15/i5/262.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v15.i5.262