Arrhythmic syncope: From diagnosis to management

Figure 3 Proposed algorithm for the management of syncope in patients with mid-range left ventricular dysfunction. ¹Criteria for electrophysiological study: (1) Presence of conduction disorder on baseline electrocardiogram (1^st degree atrioventricular block or Mobitz 1 s degree block, complete right or left bundle branch block, left anterior or posterior hemiblock); (2) Evidence of myocardial scar; and (3) Palpitations prior to the syncopal episode. ECG: Electrocardiogram; ED: Emergency department; LVEF: Left ventricle ejection fraction; EPS: Electrophysiological study; ICM: Implantable cardiac monitor.