Effectiveness of high intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review

Table 2 Main baseline characteristics among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of each study included in the systematic review

Ref.	Groups	Males/Females (n)	Year after diagnosis	Age (yr)	Weight (kg)	Height (cm)	BMI (kg/m2)	HbA1C (%)
Balducci et al[20], 2012	HI (n = 152); LI (n = 136)	91/61; 83/53	7.8 ± 6.2; 5.9 ± 4.0	59.5 ± 8.3; 58.4 ± 8.9	NA	NA	31.2 ± 4.6; 31.9 ± 4.7	7.24 ± 1.39; 6.99 ± 1.39
Terada et al[21], 2013	HIIT (n = 7); MICT (n = 8)	4/4; 4/3	6 ± 4; 8 ± 4	62 ± 3; 63 ± 5	80.5 ± 9.9; 93.9 ± 18.3	NA	28.4 ± 4.1; 33.1 ± 4.5	6.6 ± 0.6; 6.7 ± 0.6
Karstoft et al[22], 2013	HIIT (n = 12); MICT (n = 12); CON (n = 8)	7/5; 8/4; 5/3	3.5 ± 0.7; 6.2 ± 1.5; 4.5 ± 1.5	57.5 ± 2.4; 60.8 ± 2.2; 57.1 ± 3	84.9 ± 4.9; 88.2 ± 4.7; 88.5 ± 4.7	NA	29.0 ± 1.3; 29.9 ± 1.6; 29.7 ± 1.9	6.9 ± 0.2; 6.6 ± 0.2; 6.4 ± 0.2
Mitranun et al[23], 2014	HIIT (n = 14); MICT (n = 14); CON (n = 15)	5/9; 5/9; 5/10	19.5 ± 0.4; 20.5 ± 0.4; 21.1 ± 0.6	61.2 ± 2.8; 61.7 ± 2.7; 60.9 ± 2.4	66.5 ± 3.7; 65.8 ± 3.1; 67.7 ± 3.2	149 ± 4; 149 ± 5; 152 ± 5	29.6 ± 0.5; 29.4 ± 0.7; 29.7 ± 0.4	60 ± 2a; 61 ± 2a; 62 ± 2a
Hollekim-Strand et al[24], 2014	HIIT (n = 20); MICT (n = 17)	12/8; 11/6	4.2 ± 2.3; 3 ± 2.6	58.6 ± 5; 54.7 ± 5.3	NA	NA	30.2 ± 2.8; 29.7 ± 3.7	7.0 ± 1.2; 6.7 ± 0.7
Winding et al[25], 2018	HIIT (n = 13); END (n = 12); CON (n = 7)	7/6; 7/5; 5/2	8 ± 4; 6 ± 4;7 ± 5	54 ± 6; 58 ± 8; 57 ± 7	84.2 ± 11.1; 82.1 ± 13.7; 87.7 ± 11.3	NA	28.1 ± 3.5; 27.4 ± 3.1; 28.0 ± 3.5	6.8 ± 0.8; 6.9 ± 0.9; 7.0 ± 1.2
Hwang et al[26], 2019	HIIT (n = 23); MICT (n = 19); CON (n = 16)	11/12; 11/8; 8/8	7.8 ± 1.3; 8.3 ± 1.5; 8.2 ± 1.5	65 ± 2; 62 ± 2; 61 ± 2	92.0 ± 4.7; 92.6 ± 4.5; 91.5 ± 3.9	170 ± 3; 170 ± 3; 164 ± 2	31.7 ± 1.3; 31.8 ± 1.4; 33.9 ± 1.4	7.1 ± 0.3; 7.2 ± 0.3; 7.4 ± 0.4
Suryanegara et al[27], 2019	HIIT (n = 13); CON (n = 13)	3/10; 3/10	4.8 ± 1.2; 4.3 ± 1.4	61.1 ± 8.6; 59.8 ± 8.6	90.5 ± 15.0; 91.0 ± 9.8	170.4 ± 7.6; 169.8 ± 8.6	31.3 ± 5.4; 31.9 ± 5.3	53.6 ± 10.5a; 55.5 ± 6.0a
Mortensen et al[28], 2019	HIIT (n = 11); END (n = 10)	6/5; 7/3	7 ± 4; 5 ± 4	53 ± 7; 57 ± 9	85 ± 12; 86 ± 11	NA	NA	6.8 ± 0.9; 6.9 ± 0.9
Baasch-Skytte et al[29], 2020	10-20-30 (n = 23); MICT (n = 21)	23/0; 21/0	8.0 ± 5.9; 7.0 ± 5.7	61.0 ± 6.2; 61.2 ± 7.1	101.9 ± 22.8; 100.3 ± 13.8	181.5 ± 6.5; 180.4 ± 7.2	30.6 ± 5.4; 30.7 ± 4.4	7.5 ± 1.6; 7.3 ± 1.1
Gildea et al[30], 2021	HIIT (n = 9); MICT (n = 10); CON (n = 9)	6/3; 7/3; 4/5	6.6 ± 3.5; 6.4 ± 3.8; 6.6 ± 3.3	52 ± 10; 53 ± 10; 54 ± 9	92.0 ± 4.7; 92.6 ± 4.5; 91.5 ± 3.9	NA	28.7 ± 3.0; 30.0 ± 5.7; 30.5 ± 3.6	7.3 ± 0.5; 6.9 ± 0.5; 6.8 ± 1.0
Li et al[31], 2022	HIIT (n = 13); MICT (n = 12); CON (n = 12)	13/0; 12/0; 12/0	1.95 ± 0.55; 1.79 ± 0.52; 1.84 ± 0.49	38 ± 6; 39 ± 5; 40 ± 7	75 ± 9.98; 73.1 ± 7.8; 71.76 ± 9.7	166.9 ± 6.25; 165.8 ± 5.56; 166.7 ± 6.86	27.4 ± 5.5; 26.8 ± 4.2; 26.5 ± 5.0	7.2 ± 0.5; 7.02 ± 0.44; 7.06 ± 0.38

^aExpressed in mmol/moL. CON: Control group; NA: Not available; HIIT: High-intensity interval training; HI: Moderate-to-high intensity; MICT: Moderate intensity continuous training; END: Endurance training; LI: Low-to-moderate intensity.