Novel predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Table 4 Incidence of permanent pacemakers implantation

Variable	Group	n	Incidence (%)	P value
Age	< 65 yr	10	0 (0)	0.284
	65-85 yr	235	41 (17.4)
	> 85 yr	112	16 (14.3)
Sex	Male	169	27 (16.0)	1.00
	Female	188	30 (16.0)
Pre-operative risk	Low	37	3 (8.1)	0.168
	Intermediate	84	12 (14.3)
	High	235	41 (17.4)
Valve type	Balloon expanding	192	28 (14.6)	0.471
	Self-expanding	165	29 (17.6)
Prior BAV	Yes	184	35 (19.0)	0.116
	No	170	21 (12.4)
Procedure time	< 1.5 h	160	20 (12.5)	0.071
	≥ 1.5 h	160	33 (20.6)
Pre-op EKG rhythm abnormalities	Sinus	265	36 (13.6)	0.054
	Atrial fibrillation	83	18 (21.4)
	Atrial flutter	4	2 (50.0)
	Junctional rhythm	2	1 (50.0)
	Other	2	0 (0)
RBBB	Yes	51	18 (35.3)	< 0.001
	No	306	39 (12.7)
LBBB	Yes	29	5 (17.2)	0.794
	No	328	52 (15.9)
AV block I	Yes	55	9 (16.4)	1.000
	No	302	48 (15.9)
Bifascicular block	Yes	5	0 (0)	1.000
	No	352	57 (16.2)
Left anterior fascicular block	Yes	16	4 (25.0)	0.299
	No	341	53 (15.5)
Left posterior fascicular block	Yes	1	1 (100)	0.160
	No	356	56 (15.7)
QRS interval	Abnormal (≥ 120 ms)	89	27 (30.3)	< 0.001
	Normal	267	30 (11.2)
QTc interval	Prolonged (≥ 470 ms)	97	27 (27.8)	< 0.001
	Normal	259	30 (11.6)

EKG: Electrocardiographic; BAV: Balloon aortic valvuloplasty; RBBB: Right bundle branch block; LBBB: Left Bundle branch block; AV: Aortic valve.