Vitamin d deficiency and metabolic syndrome: The joint effect on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the United States adults

Table 2 Age-sex-adjusted mortality from heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality

	Observed number		Weighted mortalityrate per 10000 PY		P value
	No. at risk	Case	Rate	(95%CI)
Heart Disease
25(OH)D, ng/mL
≥ 30	1741	130	11.7	(8.2-16.6)	Ref.
20-29	3319	272	13.2	(10.3-16.9)	0.43
< 20	4034	292	17.4	(13.1-23.0)	0.012
CBVD
25(OH)D, ng/mL
≥ 30	1741	34	3.6	(2.0-6.6)	Ref.
20-29	3319	83	3.6	(2.5-5.1)	0.97
< 20	4034	88	4.5	(2.5-7.9)	0.53
CVD
25(OH)D, ng/mL
≥ 30	1741	164	15.3	(11.4-20.5)	Ref.
20-29	3319	355	16.6	(13.3-20.7)	0.56
< 20	4034	382	21.3	(16.6-27.3)	0.023
All-cause
25(OH)D, ng/mL
≥ 30	1741	545	75.9	(64.9-88.8)	Ref.
20-29	3319	1141	87.5	(79.4-96.3)	0.066
< 20	4034	1290	103.9	(93.2-115.8)	< 0.001
MetS status
Heart Disease
MetS, no	6146	327	12.5	(9.7-16.2)	Ref.
MetS, yes	2948	369	16.7	(12.9-21.7)	0.002
CBVD
MetS, no	6146	97	3.2	(2.2-4.7)	Ref.
MetS, yes	2948	108	5.1	(2.9-8.9)	0.059
CVD
MetS, no	6146	424	15.9	(13.0-19.5)	Ref.
MetS, yes	2948	477	22.0	(16.9-28.6)	< 0.001
All-cause
MetS, no	6146	1490	82.5	(75.3-90.5)	Ref.
MetS, yes	2948	1486	102.4	(91.0-115.3)	< 0.001

PY: Person-years; CBVD: Cerebrovascular disease; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; 25(OH)D: Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration; MetS: Metabolic syndrome.